ISSCC 2025
Session 18
Data Converters
A Rail-to-Rail 3rd-Order Noise-Shaping SAR ADC Achieving 105.4dB SFDR with Integrated Input Buffer Using Continuous-Time Correlated Level Shifting
With the development of high-resolution ADCs (>13b) leveraging the SAR topology, the pursuit of power efficiency in ADC design continues to make remarkable strides [1-5]. However, as the capacitance of the capacitive DAC
ISSCC 2025
Session 18
Data Converters
An Easy-Drive 16MS/s Pipelined-SAR ADC Using Split Coarse-Fine Input-Buffer-Sampling Scheme and Fast Robust Background Inter-Stage Gain Calibration
realized utilizing the energy-efficient pipelined-SAR architecture [1-2]. However, a large sampling capacitance is required to suppress the thermal noise, making ADCs challenging to drive. Although the integrated driving
ISSCC 2025
Session 18
Data Converters
A 70dB SNDR 80MHz BW Filter-Embedded Pipeline-SAR ADC Achieving 172dB FoMS with Progressive Conversion and Floating-Charge-Transfer Amplifier
before the ADC often occupies a significant area and noise contribution, especially when a Nyquist-sampling ADC is used and a sharp anti-aliasing BBF is thereby necessary (Fig. 18.7.1a). The continuous-time ∆Σ modulator
ISSCC 2025
Session 18
Data Converters
A Cryo-CMOS 800MS/s 7b CI-SAR with only 4fF Input Capacitance and 64dB SFDR
Cryo-CMOS has shown great potential to implement fast, scalable and efficient readout circuits for quantum bits (qubits). Several cryo-CMOS circuits for the dispersive readout of transmon qubits [1-2] or the reflectometr
ISSCC 2025
Session 19
Clocking & PLLs
A PVT-Robust 5.5GHz Fractional-N Cascaded RO-Based Digital PLL with Voltage-Domain Feedforward Noise Cancellation
Instituto Superior Tecnico/University of Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal 1 Ring-oscillator (RO)-based digital PLLs (DPLLs) are well-suited for multi-PLL-integrated SoC designs owing to their compactness and immunity to magnetic
ISSCC 2025
Session 19
Clocking & PLLs
A 4.6GHz 63.3fsrms PLL-XO Co-Design Using a Self-Aligned Pulse-Injection Driver Achieving -255.2dB FoMJ Including the XO Power and Noise voltages as low as 0.28V for low-power VCO implementation, with the possibility to go up to 0.45V without risking gate-dielectric breakdown if lower out-of-band noise is needed. The performance of the VCO is further enhanced by the second-harmonic-resonance method applied at both supply and ground sides [18,19].
Figure 19.10.3 shows the details of the proposed pulse-injection XO driver and its noise characteristics. Figure 19.10.3 (left) shows the theoretical calculation and the simulation of the XO phase-noise (PN) floor (PNXO)
ISSCC 2025
Session 19
Clocking & PLLs
A 13GHz Charge-Pump PLL Achieving 15.8fsrms Integrated Jitter and -98.5dBc Reference Spur
wideband data converters, have imposed extremely stringent demands on phase-locked loops (PLLs) for lower jitter and spurs. Benefiting from high phase-detector (PD) gain, sub-sampling PLLs (SSPLLs) achieve superior jitte
ISSCC 2025
Session 19
Clocking & PLLs
A Fractional-N PLL with 34fsrms Jitter and -255.5dB FoM Based on a Multipath Feedback Technique
modulation schemes, such as 4K-QAM, and impose stringent phase-noise requirements on frequency synthesizers. In the past few years, an increasing number of frac-N PLLs with excellent jitter performance, i.e., sub-100fs,
ISSCC 2025
Session 19
Clocking & PLLs
An 8.1-to-9.9GHz Single-Core Pseudo-Series-Resonance Oscillator Achieving -128.7dBc/Hz PN at 1MHz
King’s College London, London, United Kingdom 1 2 As data-rate requirements in 5G-Advanced and future 6G communications continue to rise, an RF oscillator with ultra-low phase noise (PN) is a prerequisite for ensuring hi
ISSCC 2025
Session 19
Clocking & PLLs
A Differential Series-Resonance CMOS VCO with Pole-Convergence Technique Achieving 202.1dBc/Hz FoMTA at 10MHz Offset
sought for various applications, such as high-speed wireless/wireline communications, high-speed ADC/DACs, etc. According to Leeson’s formula (Fig. 19.5.1 top-left), achieving lower PN requires a larger VTANK or a smalle
ISSCC 2025
Session 19
Clocking & PLLs
A 60GHz I/Q-Calibrated SSB-Mixer-Based LO with Sub-ns Settling Time and -56dBc Worst-Case Spur Using ILO Filter in 28nm CMOS
University of California, Santa Babara, CA 3 Korea Aerospace Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea 1 2 Joint communication and radar sensing (JCAS) has been gaining much attention for its efficient use of spectrum, particul
ISSCC 2025
Session 19
Clocking & PLLs
A 27GHz Fractional-N Sub-Sampling PLL Achieving 57.9fsrms
Haoran Li1, Jinge Li1, Xueying Jiang1, Xi Meng1, Jun Yin1, Rui P. Martins1,2, Pui-In Mak1 University of Macau, Macau, China Instituto Superior Tecnico/University of Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal 1 2 Millimeter-wave (mm-wave)
ISSCC 2025
Session 19
Clocking & PLLs
A 0.65V-VDD 10.4-to-11.8GHz Fractional-N Sampling PLL
stage DPD is implemented digitally. Thanks to its cascaded structure, our HC-DPD with a 6b calibration coefficient can be split into two-stage 3b DPDs, enabling significant hardwareoverhead reduction compared to the conv
ISSCC 2025
Session 2
Digital Processors
“Zen 5”: The AMD High-Performance 4nm x86-64 Microprocessor Core
Carson Henrion2, Alex Schaefer1, Brett Johnson2, Sarah Bartaszewicz Tower1, Kathy Hoover1, Deepesh John1, Ted Antoniadis1, Shravan Lakshman1, Vibhor Mittal1, Brian Kasprzyk1, Ross McCoy1, Kurt Mohlman1, Anitha Mohan1, Ho
ISSCC 2025
Session 2
Digital Processors
A 0.52mJ/Frame 107fps Super-Resolution Processor Exploiting Pseudo-FP6 Sparsity for Mobile Applications
increasingly employed across various domains. The ability to recover fine details is especially critical in mobile applications such as gaming, video, and photography [1]. However, mobile devices are usually sensitive to
ISSCC 2025
Session 2
Digital Processors
IBM Telum II: Next Generation 5.5GHz Microprocessor with On-Die Data Processing Unit and Improved AI Accelerator
Michael Becht2, Eduard Herkel5, Matthias Pflanz5, Pat Meaney2, Michael Romain2, Mark Cichanowski1, Amanda Venton1, David Wolpert2, Elazar Kachir4, Luke Hopkins2, Tim Bubb2, Andreas Arp5, Daniel Kiss5, Simon Büchsenstein5
ISSCC 2025
Session 2
AI / ML
A 16nm 5.7TOPS CNN Processor Supporting Bi-Directional FPN for Small-Object Detection on High-Resolution Videos
Kai-Feng Chang1, Yu-Ching Su1, Tsung-Han Hsieh1, Yu-Kuan Jian1, Wen-Ching Chen2, Nian-Shyang Chang2, Chun-Pin Lin2, Chi-Shi Chen2, Chao-Tsung Huang1 National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan Taiwan Semiconductor Res
ISSCC 2025
Session 2
Digital Processors
mJ/Frame 373fps 3D GS Processor Based on Shape-Aware Hybrid Architecture Using Earlier Computation Skipping and Gaussian Cache Scheduler
applications like virtual reality and embodied AI. Unlike traditional Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) [1], the novel 3D Gaussian Splatting approach (3D GS) [2] circumvents NeRF’s frequent sampling and intensive network inf
ISSCC 2025
Session 2
Digital Processors
IRIS: A 8.55mJ/frame Spatial Computing SoC for Interactable Rendering and Surface-Aware Modeling with 3D Gaussian Splatting
applications, which demand a real-time and user-interactive 3D graphics system [1-3]. This requires real-time surface-aware modeling (SAM) to transfer a physical object to the virtual world, and interactive photorealisti
ISSCC 2025
Session 2
Digital Processors
A 210fps Image Signal Processor for 4K Ultra HD True Video Super Resolution
Google, Mountain View, CA 1 2 Video super-resolution (VSR) aims to convert low-resolution (LR) videos to high-resolution (HR) videos with high image quality [1]. It can be used for various video applications, such as str
ISSCC 2025
Session 2
Digital Processors
STEP: An 8K-60fps Space-Time Resolution-Enhancement Neural-Network Processor for Next-Generation Display and Streaming
driving ultra-high-definition (UHD) TVs and screens, offering users an immersive experience. However, the scarcity of 8K-UHD streams and the high cost of transmission bandwidth necessitate the use of ISP techniques on te
ISSCC 2025
Session 20
Medical & Bio
A 3.5×3.5mm2 1.47mW/ch 16-Channel MSS-CMOS Heterogeneous Multi-Modal-Gas-Sensor Chip Stack
University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan 4 University of Southern California, Los Angels, CA 1 2 Miniaturizing and reducing the power consumption of multi-modal gas sensors with multiple channels can enable a wide array of
ISSCC 2025
Session 20
Medical & Bio
A 200GHz 200-Pixel 2D Near-Field Imager for Biomedical Applications
Near fields, unencumbered by the restrictions imposed by diffraction limits, can be leveraged in high-resolution sub-wavelength imaging systems [1]. Utilizing the near-fields generated by arrays of mmWave and THz resonat
ISSCC 2025
Session 20
Medical & Bio
A Crystal-less BodyID with an Asynchronous Clockless Leakage-Powered Wake-Up Receiver and Over-the-Channel Clock Recovery
Energy-constraint wireless transceivers with wake-up receivers (WuRX) traditionally rely on an always-running clock (Fig. 20.11.1) for sampling incoming data and digital correlation, necessitating local oscillator calibr
ISSCC 2025
Session 20
Medical & Bio
A 3×3.3mm Configurable γ Photon Spectrometer for Precision Radioguided Cancer Resection
University of California, San Francisco, CA 1 ~60% of cancer patients undergo surgery to remove a primary tumor, and precise removal of all cancer cells is vital for optimal outcomes [1]. Microscopic clusters of cancer c
ISSCC 2025
Session 20
Medical & Bio
An RFID-Inspired One-Step Packaged Multimode Bio-Analyzer#with Vacuum Microfluidics for Point-of-Care Diagnostics
low-concentration molecular biomarkers requires sending samples to centralized labs, leading to high costs and delays (Fig. 20.3.1). Recent developments in molecular diagnostics thus aim to enable point-of-care (POC) det
ISSCC 2025
Session 20
Medical & Bio
MEMS-Free 4096-Pixel CMOS E-Nose Gas-Sensor Array with Molecular-Selective Metal-Organic-Framework Sensing and In-Pixel Thermodynamic Modulation for Fast Sensor Regeneration
species and concentrations is critical for a myriad of applications, including environmental protection, industry automation, public health monitoring, and bio-/chemical-security surveillance. For example, gas sensing in
ISSCC 2025
Session 20
Medical & Bio
Millimeter-Sized 0.1pM LoD Wireless 16-Channel Organic-Electrochemical-Transistor-Based Electrochemical Sensing SoC
such as TNF-alpha and IL-6, play a crucial role as biomarkers in the management of chronic diseases like autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer [1]. Since long-term monitoring of these cytokines is ess
ISSCC 2025
Session 20
Medical & Bio
Fully Integrated Self-Propelling Microrobot in 180nm CMOS with Sub-GHz Parity-Time-Symmetry On-Chip Energy Harvesting and Traveling Wave Electroosmosis Actuation
developing millimeter-scale and micrometer-scale micro-robots. However, achieving autonomous motion within a CMOS die has remained a significant challenge. This difficulty stems from the need to integrate energy harvesti
ISSCC 2025
Session 20
Medical & Bio
A 384-Site Chip Platform for Biochemical Applications with Individual Site Precision Temperature Control
Aditya Yadav1, David Lloyd3, Nicolò Ferri4, Mark Bignell4, Daniele Di Nuzzo4, Phillip Nadeau1, Matthew Hayes4, Roman Trogan1 Analog Devices, Boston, MA Analog Devices, Limerick, Ireland 3 Analog Devices, San Jose, CA 4 E
ISSCC 2025
Session 20
Medical & Bio
A 94.8nW Battery-Free Intelligent Silicon Platform Enabling
Haochen Zhang1, Wei-Han Yu1, Zhongyu Zhao1, Zhizhan Yang1, Ka-Fai Un1, Jun Yin1, Rui P. Martins1,2, Pui-In Mak1 University of Macau, Macau, China Instituto Superior Tecnico/University of Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal 1 2 Sens
ISSCC 2025
Session 20
Medical & Bio
An Autonomous and Lightweight Microactuator Driving System Using Flying Solid-State Batteries
electrostatic and piezoelectric actuators are crucial in small-scale electromechanical applications, but they significantly impact the overall system weight, especially in microrobotics [1,2,3]. These systems operate at
ISSCC 2025
Session 21
Power Management
A 12A 89.3% Peak Efficiency and 26mV Undershoot 12-to-1V Two-Stage Converter with Regulated Resonant Switched-Capacitor Regulators
require a large output current at sub-1V voltages. On the other hand, the input voltage of power converters must be raised to ease the I2R loss on the system voltage bus. The high input voltage and large output current r
ISSCC 2025
Session 21
Power Management
A Dual-Input Bidirectional 3-Level Battery Charger with Coarse-Fine VCF Balancing and Wide VCR for Foldable Mobile Applications
Jeongdu Yoo, Ho-Sung Son, Youngwoo Chung, Dong-Joon Kim, Youngwoo Park, Byeonghyeon Jin, Sungkyu Cho, Minkyu Kwon, Kyungmin Park, Daewoong Cho, Jung Wook Heo, Sungwoo Lee, Sungwoo Moon, Hyoung-Seok Oh, Hwayeal Yu Samsung
ISSCC 2025
Session 21
Power Management
A Segmented-Interlacing Multi-Phase Hybrid Converter with Inherently Auto-Balanced ILs and Boosted IL Slew Rate During Load Transients
Instituto Superior Tecnico/University of Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal 1 2 In datacenters, direct conversion from a 12V input voltage VIN intermediate bus to point-of-load (PoL) is a common practice for powering computing chi
ISSCC 2025
Session 21
Power Management
A 97.4%-Peak-Efficiency Always-Half-Inductor-Current Hybrid Bidirectional Converter with Adaptive Target Current Tracking for USB-to-2-Cell Bidirectional Power Transfer
critical, particularly in those using a 2-cell battery such as tablets, portable gaming consoles, and power banks. In forward mode (FM), these devices are predominantly charged via a 5V USB travel adapter (VUSB), ensurin
ISSCC 2025
Session 21
Power Management
A Fully Integrated Multi-Phase Voltage Regulator with
Soft-Switching to Discontinuous Conduction Mode in 3nm FinFET CMOS Kishan Joshi1, Avinash Shreepathi Bhat2, Christopher Schaef2, Keng Chen3, Edward Lee2, Yura Kocharyan1, Ajay Janardanan2, Dinesh Ganta2, Huanhuan Zhang3,
ISSCC 2025
Session 21
Power Management
A 2A Fully Analog Distribution LDO with Noise Immunity for an SoC
significant thermal dissipation. Because long-term exposure to high temperature degrades SoC performance, it is necessary to manage the temperature in the devices. Consequently, low-dropout regulators (LDO) that supply t
ISSCC 2025
Session 21
Power Management
Merging Hybrid and Multi-Phase Topologies: A 6-Phase Triple-Step-Down DC-DC Converter Achieving up to a 60:1 Voltage Conversion Ratio and 868A/cm3 Current Density
voltage and current requirements, such as delivering over 1A at voltages below 1V. This drives the need for efficient point-of-load DC-DC converter topologies capable of large step-down conversion with high current densi
ISSCC 2025
Session 21
Power Management
HOOP: A Scalable Hybrid DC-DC Converter Ring for HighPerformance Computing
Rui P. Martins1, Yan Lu1,2,3 University of Macau, Macau, China Tsinghua University, Beijing, China 3 UM Hetao IC Research Institute, Shenzhen, China 4 Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany 1 2 *Equally Credited
ISSCC 2025
Session 21
Power Management
A 20MHz &1MHz Dual-Loop Non-Uniform-Multi-Inductor Hybrid DC-DC Converter with Specified Inductor Current Allocation and Fast Transient Response
Chi-Seng Lam1, Rui P. Martins1, Yan Lu1,2,3 University of Macau, Macau, China UM Hetao IC Research Institute, Shenzhen, China 3 Tsinghua University, Beijing, China 1 2 *Equally Credited Authors (ECAs) High-efficiency, hi
ISSCC 2025
Session 22
Memory
A 0.275pJ/b 42Gb/s/pin Clock-Referenced PAM3 Transceiver
multi-chip modules (MCMs), die-to-die (D2D), and chiplet interfaces (e.g. UCIe) requires high-bandwidth densities while minimizing power consumption [1,3,4,11-13]. Single-ended (SE) PAM3 signaling has been adopted in GDD
ISSCC 2025
Session 22
Memory
An 850μW 2-to-5GHz Jitter-Filtering and Instant-Toggling Injection-Locked Quadrature-Clock Generator for Low-Power Clock Distribution in HBM Interfaces
KAIST, Daejeon, Korea 1 2 *Equally Credited Authors (ECAs) The explosive expansion of generative AI, in various industries, has led to a surge in demand for high-bandwidth memory (HBM) devices that feature thousands of D
ISSCC 2025
Session 22
Memory
A 42Gb/s Single-Ended Hybrid-DFE PAM-3 Receiver for GDDR7 Memory Interfaces
Changhyun Pyo1, Seulgi Kim1, Byungjun Kang1, Eunji Song1, Kwangjin Na1, Jinyoup Cha1, Hyesoo Kim1, Shinyoung Park1, Woo-Seok Choi2, Kyunghoon Kim1, Hae-Kang Jung1, Joohwan Cho1, Jonghwan Kim1 SK hynix, Icheon, Korea Seou
ISSCC 2025
Session 22
Memory
A 32-to-50Gb/s/pin Single-Ended PAM-4 Transmitter with a ZQ-Based FFE and PAM-4 LSB DBI-DC Encoding
demand for data processing and transmission has surged: highlighting the need for high-speed and energy-efficient data transmission between processors and memory. While data processing capabilities continue to advance, t
ISSCC 2025
Session 22
Memory
A 0.3pJ/b 32Gb/s/pin Single-Ended PAM-4 Receiver with a Delay-Less Capacitive-Feedback Equalizer
multi-level signaling techniques such as PAM3 and PAM4 are being increasingly adopted [1-7]. However, the lower SNR due to multi-level signaling necessitates complex equalization, increasing power consumption and area. T
ISSCC 2025
Session 23
AI / ML
T-REX: A 68-to-567µs/Token 0.41-to-3.95µJ/Token Transformer Accelerator with Reduced External Memory Access and Enhanced Hardware Utilization in 16nm FinFET
revolutionized a wide range of AI applications, which motivates a surge in research to develop energy-efficient hardware accelerators. Most prior efforts have concentrated on enhancing on-chip computational energy effici
ISSCC 2025
Session 23
Other
HuMoniX: A 57.3fps 12.8TFLOPS/W Text-to-Motion Processor with Inter-Iteration Output Sparsity and Inter-Frame Joint Similarity
media applications, such as film production and AR/VR. This process involves creating human joint movements and constructing detailed 3D meshes, like human skin, for each joint (see Fig. 23.10.1). It used to require hour
ISSCC 2025
Session 23
AI / ML
A 28nm 0.22µJ/Token Memory-Compute-Intensity-Aware CNN-Transformer Accelerator with Hybrid-Attention-Based Layer-Fusion and Cascaded Pruning for Semantic-Segmentation
Luhong Liang2, Yitong Zhou2, Di Pang2, Man-To Yung2, Dong Zhang1,2, Xijie Huang1,2, Shih-Yang Liu1,2, Yongkun Wu1,2, Fengshi Tian1,2, Chi-Ying Tsui1,2, Fengbin Tu1,2, Kwang-Ting Cheng1,2 The Hong Kong University of Scien
ISSCC 2025
Session 23
Other
EdgeDiff: 418.4mJ/Inference Multi-Modal Few-Step Diffusion Model Accelerator with Mixed-Precision and Reordered Group Quantization
need for high-performing image-generative models, including the diffusion model (DM) [2, 3]. A conventional DM requires numerous UNet-based denoising timesteps (~50), leading to high computation and external memory acces