ISSCC 2025
Session 36
RF & Wireless
A 0.9pJ/b 108Gb/s PAM-4 VCSEL-Based Direct-Drive Optical Engine
applications necessitates advancements in data transmission. Increasingly complex, power-hungry equalization and digital signal processing (DSP) techniques limit electrical interconnect scalability and reach. Pluggable o
ISSCC 2024
Session 18
RF & Wireless
A 4×64Gb/s NRZ 1.3pJ/b Co-Packaged and Fiber-Terminated 4-Ch VCSEL-Based Optical Transmitter
from limited reach due to channel loss. Multi-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL)-based optical interconnects can enable high-bandwidth connectivity while extending the reach to tens of meters [1-3]. Plug