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Design of Wide-Tuning-Range Millimeter-Wave CMOS VCO With a Standing-Wave Architecture
设计了一种采用驻波架构的宽调谐范围毫米波CMOS VCO，实现了高频操作和大范围调谐。
40-GHz, 27 mW, 1.5-V, 7.5 GHz tuning range, -96 dBc/Hz phase noise
毫米波CMOS VCO宽调谐范围驻波架构分布式变容二极管
▸创新点1：非均匀驻波振荡器设计 - 采用非均匀结构的驻波振荡器，通过优化波形分布降低传输线损耗，实现毫米波频段的高效能量传递，将相位噪声控制在-96 dBc/Hz以下（方法创新）
▸创新点2：锥形增益元件 - 使用渐变式（tapered）增益元件替代传统均匀结构，动态调节不同位置的增益分布，有效抑制高阶谐波并扩展调谐范围至7.5 GHz（电路创新）
▸创新点3：开关传输线与分布式变容二极管协同架构 - 通过切换传输线分段和分布式变容二极管布局，减少寄生电容对高频性能的影响，使工作频率提升至40 GHz（系统架构创新）
▸创新点4：混合粗/细调谐机制 - 结合开关传输线的粗调和分布式变容二极管的细调，在27 mW功耗下实现18.75%的相对调谐范围（当前毫米波CMOS VCO中最宽）
Abstract
The design of a wide-tuning-range millimeter-wave CMOS VCO is presented in this paper. In contrast to the conven- tional wideband topologies, a nonuniform standing-wave oscillator utilizing tapered gain elements, switched transmission lines and distributed varactors is employed to provide an extended output range with the coarse and fine frequency tuning. Due to the use of the transmission line architecture and the position-dependent amplitude of the standing waves, the loading effects of the varac- tors and the MOS switches can be alleviated, enabling the VCO to operate at higher frequencies. Using a 0.18- m CMOS process, a 40-GHz VCO is designed and implemented. Consuming a DC power of 27 mW from a 1.5-V supply voltage, the fabricated circuit exhibits a frequency tuning range of 7.5 GHz with an output power level ranging from 13.6 to 4 dBm. The measured phase noise at 1-MHz offset is lower than 96 dBc/Hz within the entire fre- quency range. This work demonstrates the widest tuning range in percentage among the CMOS VCOs at millimeter-wave frequen- cies.