A CMOS Imager With Focal Plane Compression Using Predictive Coding Walter D. León-Salas, Sina Balkir, Khalid Sayood, Nathan Schemm, and Michael W. Hoffman

Abstract

This paper presents a CMOS image sensor with focal-plane compression. The design has a column-level architec- ture and it is based on predictive coding techniques for image decorrelation. The prediction operations are performed in the analog domain to avoid quantization noise and to decrease the area complexity of the circuit. The prediction residuals are quan- tized and encoded by a joint quantizer/coder circuit. To save area resources, the joint quantizer/coder circuit exploits common circuitry between a single-slope analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a Golomb–Rice entropy coder. This combination of ADC and encoder allows the integration of the entropy coder at the column level. A prototype chip was fabricated in a 0.35 m CMOS process. The output of the chip is a compressed bit stream. The test chip occupies a silicon area of 2.60 mm 5.96 mm which includes an 80 44 APS array. Tests of the fabricated chip demonstrate the validity of the design.