Dithering Skip Modulation, Width and Dead Time Controllers in Highly Efficient DC-DC Converters for System-On-Chip Applications

Abstract

This paper proposes temperature-independent load sensor (LS), optimum width controller (OWC), optimum dead- time controller (ODC), and tri-mode operation to achieve high efficiency over an ultra-wide-load range. Higher power effi- ciency and wider loading current range require rethinking the control method for DC-DC converters. Therefore, a highly ef- ficient tri-mode DC-DC converter is invented in this paper for system-on-chip (SoC) applications, which is switched to sleeping mode at very light load condition or to high-speed mode at heavy load condition. The efficiency improvement is upgraded by in- serting new proposed dithering skip modulation (DSM) between conventional pulse-width modulation (PWM) and pulse-frequency modulation (PFM). In other words, an efficiency-improving DSM operation raises the efficiency drop because of transition from PWM to PFM. Importantly, DSM mode can dynamically skip the number of gate driving pulses, which is inverse proportional to load current. Simplistically and qualitatively stated, the novel load sensor automatically selects optimum modulation method and power MOSFET width to achieve high efficiency over a wide load range. Moreover, optimum power MOSFET turn-on and turn-off delays in synchronous rectifiers and reduced ground bounce can save much switching loss by current-mode dead-time controller. Experimental results show the tri-mode operation can have high efficiency about 90% over a wide load current range from 3 to 500 mA. Owing to the effec