Abstract
EEE, Chuying Mao , Member , IEEE,
Ruonan Han, Swaminathan Sankaran , Member , IEEE, Changhua Cao , Member , IEEE, Wojciech Knap, and
Kenneth K. O, Senior Member , IEEE
Abstract—Key components of systems operating at high mil-
limeter wave and sub-millimeter wave/terahertz frequencies, a
140-GHz fundamental mode voltage controlled oscillator (VCO)
in 90-nm CMOS, a 410-GHz push-push VCO with an on-chip
patch antenna in 45-nm CMOS, and a 125-GHz Schottky diode
frequency doubler , a 50-GHz phase-loc