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A Millimeter-Scale Energy-Autonomous Sensor System With Stacked Battery and Solar Cells Matthew Fojtik, Daeyeon Kim , Student Member , IEEE, Gregory Chen ,M e m b e r ,IEEE, Y u-Shiang Lin
毫米级能量自给传感器系统,通过太阳能和薄膜锂电池实现零净能耗运行。
200 nW传感器,-1.6°C/+3°C精度,10 samples/sec,28 pJ/cycle,0.4 V,72 kHz ARM Cortex-M3
能量自给毫米级传感器太阳能薄膜锂电池超低功耗
▸创新点1:能量收集技术实现零净能耗(系统创新)。通过集成两个1mm²太阳能电池和薄膜锂电池,结合高效能量收集算法,实现系统在无外部供电情况下的自持续运行,支持5年仅靠初始电池能量或无限期通过太阳能充电运行。
▸创新点2:超低功耗电路设计(电路创新)。采用28 pJ/cycle的0.4V ARM Cortex-M3微控制器和3.3 fW/bit泄漏的SRAM,将激活模式功耗降至7.7μW,待机模式仅550 pW,显著提升能源效率。
▸创新点3:集成电源管理单元(系统创新)。通过高度集成的PMU动态协调太阳能电池、薄膜电池及负载需求,实现多源能量无缝切换,支持10 samples/sec的温度采样率下-1.6°C/+3°C的测量精度。
▸创新点4:毫米级微型化系统集成(方法创新)。在8.75mm尺寸内堆叠电池、传感器与处理单元,利用3D封装技术解决空间约束,同时保持72 kHz处理频率和200nW传感器功耗的平衡。
Abstract
An 8.75 mm microsystem targeting temperature sensing achieves zero-net-energy operation using energy har- vesting and ultra-low-power circuit techniques. A 200 nW sensor measures temperature with -1.6 C/+3 C accuracy at a rate of 10 samples/sec. A 28 pJ/cycle, 0.4 V , 72 kHz ARM Cortex-M3 micro- controller processes temperatur e data using a 3.3 fW leakage per b i tS R A M .T w o1m msolar cells and a thin- film Li battery power the microsystem through an integrated power management unit. T h ec o m p l e t em i c r o s y s t e mc o n s u m e s7 . 7Ww h e na c t i v ea n d enters a 550 pW data-retentive standby mode between temper- ature measurements. The microsystem can process temperature data hourly for 5 years using only the initial energy stored in the battery. This lifetime is extended inde finitely using energy harvesting to recharge the battery, enabling energy-autonomous operation.