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A Fully Digital 8 16 SiPM Array for PET Applications With Per-Pixel TDCs and Real-Time Energy Output L e oH .C .B r a g a, Student Member , IEEE
一种用于PET应用的全数字8x16 SiPM阵列，具有每像素TDC和实时处理能力。
570x610μm像素尺寸, 35.7%填充因子, 100Msamples/s, 10.9%能量分辨率, 399ps符合时间分辨率
硅光电倍增管PET时间数字转换器伽马射线检测实时处理
▸基于CMOS小型硅光电倍增管(mini-SiPMs)的探测器阵列
▸每像素集成两个7位计数器和两个12位64ps TDC
▸芯片上实时检测异步伽马事件
Abstract
An 8 16 pixel array based on CMOS small-area sil- icon photomultipliers (mini-SiPMs) detectors for PET applications is reported. Each pixel is 570 610 m in size and contains four digital mini-SiPMs, for a total of 720 SPADs, resulting in a full chip fill-factor of 35.7%. For each gamma detection, the pixel pro- vides the total detected energy and a timestamp, obtained through two 7-b counters and two 12-b 64-ps TDCs. An adder tree over- laid on top of the pixel array sums the sensor total counts at up to 100 Msamples/s, which are then used for detecting the asyn- chronous gamma events on-chip, while also being output in real- time. Characterization of gamma detection performance with an 3 3 5m m LYSO scintillator at 20 C is reported, showing a 511-keV gamma energy resolution of 10.9% and a coincidence timing resolution of 399 ps.