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A 346 µm 2 VCO-Based, Reference-Free, Self-Timed Sensor Interface for Cubic-Millimeter Sensor Nodes in 28 nm CMOS Laura Fick,S t u d e n tM e m b e r ,I E E E,D a v i d F i c k, Member , IEEE
一种基于VCO的无参考时钟传感器接口电路，面积仅346µm²，适用于低功耗传感器节点
28nm CMOS, 500mV-1.0V, 11.7µW@0.6V, 41.2fJ/b
VCO传感器接口低功耗无参考时钟CMOS
▸创新点1：无参考时钟设计（系统创新） - 采用基于VCO的无参考时钟设计，避免了传统ADC所需的高精度电流源、电压源和低抖动时钟参考，显著降低了系统复杂性和功耗。
▸创新点2：电压可扩展性（电路创新） - 设计支持电压范围从500 mV到1.0 V的可扩展性，适应不同供电条件下的传感器节点需求，提升了系统的灵活性和适应性。
▸创新点3：工艺可移植性（方法创新） - 通过简化的VCO设计，实现了工艺可移植性，使得该设计能够在不同工艺节点上高效实现，降低了开发成本和时间。
▸创新点4：单点校准方案（系统创新） - 引入单点校准方案，能够在不同温度、电压和分辨率设置下保持高精度，确保了系统的稳定性和可靠性。
Abstract
We present a 346 µm 2 reference-free, asynchronous VCO-based sensor interface circuit demonstrated in 28 nm LP bulk CMOS. This design is speci fically for sensor node interfaces which do not have the power or volume available for the high accuracy current sources, voltage sources, or low jitter timing ref- erences needed for traditional ADCs. By using a straightforward VCO design, it achieves wide resolution, voltage scalability, and process portability while consuming only 1/100th the area of prior approaches and avoiding costly reference circuitry. In the design measured for this paper, resolution can be scaled from 2.8 to 11.7 bits and V DD from 500 mV to 1.0 V. The design contains a single-point calibration scheme that works across temperature, voltage, and resolution settings. Minimum power consumption is 11.7 µW at 0.6 V V DD and minimum energy per conversion step is 41.2 fJ/b at 0.6 V V DD and 9.42 bits of effective resolution.