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JSSC 2015第10期RF & Wireless65nmCMOS Image Sensor

A 65 nm 05 V DPS CMOS Image Sensor With 17 pJFramePixel and 42 dB Dynamic Range

一款适用于物联网无线传感器节点的超低功耗65纳米CMOS图像传感器
0.5V工作电压, 17 pJ/帧像素, 42 dB动态范围, 0.66%固定模式噪声
超低功耗CMOS图像传感器物联网动态范围数字像素传感器
创新点1:宽范围自适应体偏置技术(电路创新)。通过动态调整像素晶体管的体偏置电压,优化了像素的阈值电压和性能,显著降低了固定模式噪声(FPN)至0.66%,同时提升了动态范围至42 dB,解决了超低电压下像素性能下降的问题。
创新点2:低门控双晶体管像素内比较器(电路创新)。采用低门控技术,减少了像素内比较器的功耗和噪声,同时保持了较高的灵敏度,进一步降低了整体功耗至17 pJ/(frame·pixel),适合超低功耗应用。
创新点3:低切换活动的数字读出与稳健时序闭合(系统创新)。通过优化数字读出电路的切换活动,降低了功耗和噪声,同时实现了稳健的时序闭合,确保了系统在高帧率(32 fps)下的稳定运行,功耗仅为8.8 µW。
创新点4:65 nm CMOS工艺集成(系统创新)。在65 nm低功耗CMOS逻辑工艺上实现了128×128像素阵列,面积仅为0.69 mm²,具有57%的填充因子和4 µm像素间距,适合集成到超低功耗SoC中,满足无线传感器节点的需求。
Abstract
Adding vision capabilities to wireless sensors nodes (WSN) for the Internet-of-Things requires imagers working at ultra-low power (ULP) in nanometer CMOS systems-on-chip (SoCs). Such performance can be obtained with time-based digital pixel sensors (DPS) working at ultra-low voltage (ULV), at the expense of lower dynamic range, higher fixed-pattern noise (FPN) and thus poorer image quality. To address this problem, three key techniques were developed in this work for DPS pixels: wide-range adapti