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JSSC 2019第9期Image Sensors90nmCMOS Image Sensor

A 117-Megapixel CMOS Image Sensor With 15 AD Conversions per Digital CDS Pixel R

提出一种低功耗117兆像素CMOS图像传感器,采用数字相关双采样技术降低能耗。
1232×952像素阵列,2.8µm像素间距,27.3 pJ/pixel,0.064 nJ·e⁻ FoM
CMOS图像传感器数字相关双采样低功耗背照式高动态范围
创新点1:方法创新 - 提出1.5次A/D转换实现两次数字相关双采样(DCDS)的新方法,相比传统方法减少25%的A/D转换次数,显著降低功耗至27.3 pJ/pixel,并实现0.064 nJ·e−的优异能效指标。
创新点2:电路创新 - 像素设计无需专用电容,巧妙利用当前读取行和前一行的寄生电容实现信号存储,节省像素面积并提高集成度,适用于2.8 µm小像素间距设计。
创新点3:系统创新 - 四增益步长可配置像素设计,支持从175 µV/e−高转换增益到33,400 e−全阱容量的宽动态范围,同时实现2.33 e−超低读取噪声(高增益模式)。
创新点4:工艺创新 - 基于90nm背照式CMOS图像传感器工艺实现117万像素高分辨率阵列,通过优化读出架构在保持小像素尺寸下达成能效与噪声性能的突破。
Abstract
This paper presents a low-power 1232 × 952 pixel back side-illuminated CMOS image sensor with a pixel pitch of 2.8 µm. It is implemented in a 90-nm CMOS image sensor technology. We propose a method to reduce the pixel readout energy consumption by computing two digital correlated double- sampling (DCDS) results with three analog–digital (A/D) conver- sions, thereby using an average of 1.5 A/D conversions per pixel. The conventional DCDS readout requires two A/D conversions per pixel. The DCDS op