A 230-GHz High-Power and Wideband Coupled Standing Wave VCO in 65-nm CMOS

Abstract

This article presents a 230-GHz wideband harmonic voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with large output power based on a compact and low-loss structure of coupled standing wave oscillators. In order to boost the output power, oscillators are coupled together without adding extra passive loss to the circuit. Transistors with inductive drain impedances provide the necessary negative resistance to the oscillators while simultane- ously acting as active variable capacitors for frequency tuning and g