A7 × 7 × 2m m3 8.6-µW 500-kb/s Transmitter With Robust Injection-Locking-Based Frequency-to-Amplitude Conversion Receiver Targeting for Implantable Applications Bo Xiong , Student Member , IEEE, Yida Li, Aaron V oon-Yew Thean

Abstract

A transmitter (TX)/receiver (RX) pair using galvanic coupling to achieve in-body to on-body body channel communication (I2O-BCC) for ultra-low power (ULP) miniatur- ized implanted applications is presented. The I2O-BCC enables low loss communication ( <40 dB) within 10–40 MHz band and up to 10-cm in vivo communication distance using the body as a transmission medium. Injection locking (IL)-based frequency-to-amplitude (F2A) conversion demodulator is pro- posed in RX. It can handle more than 20% frequency variations exhibited by the TX frequency-shift keying (FSK) signals due to the lack of accurate off-chip ref erence. The pack aged implanted TX measures 7 × 7 × 2m m 3. It contains a micro-battery, two micro-probes, and the designed SoC in 130-nm CMOS process. The in-body TX radio block consumes only 8.6 µW at 500 kb/s with an on-chip power management unit that exhibits a 45% power efficiency, while the on-body RX consumes 591.5 µW. The TX radio block power is 8 × lower than previous works and achieves energy efficiency at 17.2 pJ/b with minimal bill of material (BOM).