A CMOS Dual-Polarized Phased-Array Beamformer Utilizing Cross-Polariza tion Leakage Cancellation for 5G MIMO Systems

Abstract

This article introduces a power-efficient and low- cost CMOS 28-GHz phased-array beamformer supporting fifth- generation (5G) dual-polarized multiple-in-multiple-out (MIMO) (DP-MIMO) operation. To improve the cross-polarization (cross- pol.) isolation degraded by the antennas and propagation, a power-efficient analog-assisted cross-pol. leakage cancella- tion technique is implemented. After the high-accuracy can- cellation, more than 41.3-dB cross-pol. isolation is maintained along with the transmitter array to the receiver array. The element-beamformer in this work adopts the compact neutralized bi-directional architecture featuring a minimized manufacturing cost. The proposed beamformer achieves 22% per path TX-mode efficiency and a 4.9-dB RX-mode noise figure. The required on- chip area for the beamformer is only 0.48 mm 2. In over-the-air measurement, a 64-element dual-polarized phased-array module achieves 52.2-dBm saturated effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP). The 5G standard-compliant OFDMA-mode modulated signals of up to 256-QAM could be s upported by the 64-element modules. With the help of the cross-pol. leakage cancella- tion technique, the proposed array module realizes improved DP-MIMO EVMs even under severe polarization coupling and rotation conditions. The measured DP-MIMO EVMs are 3.4% Manuscript received August 16, 2020; revised November 4, 2020; accepted December 7, 2020. Date of publication January 6, 2021; date of current version March 26, 2021. This arti