A 24-GHz Fully Integrated CMOS Transceiver for FMCW Radar Applications Yi-Pei Su , Student Member , IEEE, Chao-Yen Huang, Student Member , IEEE, and Sao-Jie Chen

Abstract

A 24-GHz fully integrated frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) direct conversion transceiver, imple- mented in a 55-nm low-power CMOS technology with a maxi- mum f T of 190 GHz in typical operating conditions and packaged in a 5-mm × 5-mm 32-lead quad-flat no-leads (QFN) package, is presented in this article. The single-chip transceiver uses a single 2.5-V supply while all the core circuits are powered by integrated regulators. The complex low-noise transductor in the receiver uses a quadrature hybrid to generate quadrature signals in the receiving front-end. The analog signal processing circuits including high-pass filters, low-pass filters, and programmable amplifiers are implemented following the receiver front-end circuitry. The FMCW signals are generated by an on-chip 24-GHz fractional-N frequency synthesizer. The synthesizer is completely integrated with the transceiver and provides built-in digital frequency modulation to generate chirping signals for the down-conversion local oscillator (LO) and the transmitted signals. The transmitter is composed of a balanced class-AB power ampli- fier driven by the FMCW signals from the frequency synthesizer.