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A 48 Gbs PAM-4 Receiver With Pre-Cursor Adjustable Baud-Rate Phase Detector in 4
提出一种48 Gb/s PAM-4接收器，采用可调预游标的波特率相位检测器，优化垂直眼图开口。
48 Gb/s, BER < 10^-11, 2.42 pJ/b
PAM-4接收器波特率相位检测器自适应判决反馈均衡器垂直眼图CMOS
▸创新点1：可调预游标的波特率相位检测器（BRPD）通过分析垂直眼图余量（VEM）与主游标/预游标比例的关系，动态调整预游标以锁定目标垂直眼图开口，解决了传统Mueller-Müller相位检测器在多电平信号中锁相点漂移的问题，显著提升了PAM-4接收器的时钟恢复精度。
▸创新点2：自适应判决反馈均衡器（DFE）结合BRPD技术，在消除后游标h1的同时确保唯一锁相点，避免了传统DFE因信道变化导致的性能波动，实现了48 Gb/s下BER <10^-11的高可靠性传输。
▸创新点3：采用RZ采样器输出替代传统NRZ输出作为DFE的输入负载，通过减少RS锁存器延迟并优化求和节点结构，降低DFE输入电容，提升系统带宽至48 Gb/s，能效比达2.42 pJ/b。
▸创新点4：系统级整合了模拟前端（AFE）、相位旋转器（PR）、电流DAC及可综合数字逻辑（SDL），在40nm CMOS工艺下实现0.24 mm²的超紧凑面积，展示了高集成度多模块协同设计能力。
Abstract
This article presents a 48-Gb/s four-level pulse
amplitude modulation (PAM-4) receiver with a Baud-rate clock
and data recovery (CDR) suitable for multi-level signaling.
By deriving the relation between the vertical eye margin (VEM)
and the ratio of main-cursor to pre-cursor, the proposed Baud-
rate phase detector (BRPD) adjusts the pre-cursor and finds the
lock point with targeted vertical eye opening. Thus, the BRPD
offers a unique lock point when used with an adaptive decision
feedback equaliz