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A 1133-dB Dynamic Range 600 Framess SPAD X-Ray Detector With Seamless Global Shu
一款具有1133dB动态范围和600帧无缝全局快门的SPAD X射线探测器
400 × 200像素阵列,49.5 µm像素间距,113.3 dB动态范围,127.2 mW功耗
SPADX射线探测器动态范围全局快门CMOS
▸创新点1:无缝全局快门操作(系统创新)。通过使用双计数器实现无缝全局快门操作,确保X射线光子100%的时间孔径,避免了传统快门操作中的时间损失,提升了检测效率。
▸创新点2:时间编码外推计数器(电路创新)。采用时间编码外推计数器,在低X射线剂量下实现全数字操作,避免读出噪声;在高剂量下通过外推模式扩展计数器深度,显著降低功耗并提升动态范围。
▸创新点3:高动态范围(HDR)设计(系统创新)。通过捕获计数器溢出时间(TOF)并利用积分时间(TINT)与TOF的比值扩展计数器深度,实现了113.3 dB的高动态范围,较之前提升了24.9 dB。
▸创新点4:φGCLK信号复用(电路创新)。通过复用计数器在TINT期间分发和累积φGCLK信号,简化了电路设计,仅需在像素阵列中分发φGCLK,降低了系统复杂度。
Abstract
This article presents a 400 × 200 single-photon
avalanche diode (SPAD) X-ray detector that supports seamless
global shutter operation. The pixel consists of an SPAD with two
time-encoded extrapolation counters. For use under low X-ray
dose conditions, the pixels and readout circuitry operate in a
fully digital manner, avoiding the noise penalty of the readout.
Under high X-ray dose conditions, the proposed counter operates
in the extrapolation mode and thus achieves a high dynamic
range (HDR), w