A Low-Power Radiation-Hardened K a-Band CMOS Phased-Array Receiver for Small Satellite Constellation

Abstract

This article introduces a low-power radiation- hardened K a-band CMOS phased-array receiver for the low Earth orbit (LEO) small satellite communication system. As the available solar panel area limits the power consumption of the receiver, a multi-coupling common-gate (CG) low noise amplifier (LNA) with current-sharing topology and built-in 180 ◦ phase shifter is proposed in this work to solve the power issue. The multi-coupling LNA utilizes three coupling inductors to reduce the input matching impedance with a smaller input CMOS transistor size. After implementing the proposed technique, a sin- gle beamformer realized a 3.4-mW typical power consumption compared with the conventional works with 17.3–195-mW power consumption. The receiver with magnetic-tuning phase shifter (MTPS) has 0.06-dB/Mrad gain and 0.4 ◦/Mrad phase degrada- tions and is the lowest reported root-mean-square phase and gain errors due to radiation. The proposed receiver achieves −22-dBm IIP3 with a 3.8-dB noise figure. The required on-chip area for each element is only 0.2 mm 2. In the over-the-air (OTA) mea- surement, digital video broadcasting-second generation extension (DVB-S2x) standard modulated signals of up to 256 amplitude phase shift keying (APSK) can be supported by the proposed large array modules. This work realizes −33.2-dB error vector magnitude (EVM) and 12.8-Gb/s link speed with 1.6-GHz channel bandwidth. The measured beam pattern can cover radiated angle from −50◦ to +50◦ with lower than