A Fully Integrated Low-Noise Cost-Effective Single-Crystal-Oscillator-Based Cloc

Abstract

This article proposes a fully integrated single-crystal oscillator (XO)-based clock management IC (CMIC) with three key features for 5G cellular mobile devices. First, to reduce fabrication cost by eliminating a 32.768-kHz crystal, an on- chip real-time clock (RTC) using a machine-learning (ML)-based RC oscillator (RCO) calibration is proposed for the excellent frequency stability of the RTC; thus, it achieves a 0.68-ppm/ ◦C stability, nearly comparable to that of an RTC crystal, with the power