A Radiation-Hardened 1522-GHz Frequency Synthesizer in 22-nm FinFET David Dolt

Abstract

High-speed radiation-hardened frequency synthe- sizers are a key block in spaceborne communications systems. This article presents a 15–22-GHz radiation-hardened phase- locked loop (PLL) designed in a 22-nm FinFET process with hardening techniques for single-event upset (SEU) and total ionizing dose (TID) implemented in all key PLL blocks. Electri- cal performance tradeoffs arising from the radiation-hardening techniques are discussed and experimentally verified. The PLL achieves a figure of mer