Cryo-CMOS V oltage References for the Ultrawide Temperature Range From 300 K Dow

Abstract

This article presents a family of sub-1-V , fully- CMOS voltage references adopting MOS devices in weak inver- sion to achieve continuous operation from room temperature (RT) down to cryogenic temperatures. Their accuracy limitations due to curvature, body effect, and mismatch are investigated and experimentally validated. Implemented in 40-nm CMOS, the references show a line regulation better than 2.7%/V from a supply as low as 0.99 V . By applying dynamic element matching (DEM) techniques, a s