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本文提出一种工作电压低至0.5V、功耗仅32nW的带隙基准电压源，旨在解决超低功耗系统中待机功耗过高和启动电压过高的问题，使系统能在更低输入电压下持续运行。
David D. Wentzloff, Benton H. Calhoun PsiKick, Charlottesville, VA Most systems require a voltage reference independent of variation of power supply, process, or temperature, and a bandgap voltage reference (BGR) often serves this purpose. For ultra-low power (ULP) systems, the BGR may constitute a significant component of standby power, and the system start-up voltage is often determined by the voltage, Vin, at which the BGR becomes operational. Lowering Vin can also allow an ULP system to continue operation longer as its battery or energy harvested input voltage decreases. The minimum Vin for state-of-the-art BGRs is restricted by VEB+VDS [1], where VEB is the emitter-base voltage of a pnp transistor, and VDS is the drain-source saturation voltage of a MOS transistor. Recent work brings the Vin voltage down to 700mV [2]. There is a need to reduce the standby power and Vin of a BGR to increase the lifetime of
Aatmesh Shrivastava, Kyle Craig, Nathan E. Roberts,