A 54MHz Crystal Oscillator with 30× Start-Up Time Reduction Using 2-Step Injection in 65nm CMOS

📋 论文概要

本文提出一种采用两步注入技术的54MHz晶体振荡器，在65nm CMOS工艺中实现30倍的启动时间缩短。解决了传统注入技术需要注入频率精确匹配晶振频率的难题，降低了启动时间，适用于低功耗通信系统。

💡 主要创新点

• 提出两步注入技术，无需注入频率与晶振频率精确匹配，克服了PVT变化下的频率失配问题。
• 实现30倍启动时间缩短，显著降低占空比系统的平均功耗。

🏷 关键词

📄 原文摘要

bottleneck in reducing the average power of heavily duty-cycled wireless/wireline communication systems [1]. Among all the reported schemes to reduce TSTART, techniques that increase initial noise amplitude by injecting a surge of energy into the crystal resonator are shown to be most effective [1-3]. These approaches are proven to be robust if the frequency of the injection signal is equal to the crystal oscillator (XO) frequency (FINJ = FXO), which is difficult to achieve across PVT with on-chip oscillators. Any mismatch (ΔF = FINJ − FXO) even as small as a few 100 ppm can greatly increase TSTART. Sweeping the injection frequency using a chirp oscillator

👥 作者与机构

Karim M. Megawer1, Nilanjan Pal1, Ahmed Elkholy1, Mostafa G. Ahmed1,

Amr Khashaba1, Danielle Griffith2, Pavan Kumar Hanumolu1 University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL Texas Instruments, Dallas, TX 1 2 The start-up time of crystal oscillators (TSTART) is a major