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该论文提出了一种0.5V超低电压、6.14µW功耗的无需修调的单晶体双输出频率参考。通过低能耗的晶体振荡器启动技术和基于逐次逼近的实时时钟校准技术，实现了5.1nJ/120µs的XO启动和8.1nJ/200µs的RTC校准，显著降低了IoT节点的面积和成本。
[8.1nJ, 200µs] Successive-Approximation-Based RTC Calibration Rui Luo1, Ka-Meng Lei1, Rui P. Martins1,2, Pui-In Mak1 University of Macau, Macau, China, Instituto Superior Técnico/Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal 1 2 For miniature IoT nodes, it is desirable to develop a multi-output frequency reference from one quartz crystal to favor footprint and cost reduction. There have been attempts to utilize the MHz-range crystal oscillator (XO) to calibrate the integrated oscillator [1,2], or to generate clocks for multiple purposes [3,4]. The clock system in [1] provides an on-demand 76.8MHz clock with XO startup time (ts) reduction, and an always-on 32.768kHz real-time clock (RTC) using a machine-learning-based RC oscillator. Yet, it involves heavy training and poses a high sleep-mode power (48.2μW). The XO-assisted RTC in [2] exhibits a 0.26ppm/°C TC, but its counter-based calibration takes a long time
Frequency Reference with [5.1nJ, 120µs] XO Startup and