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该论文提出了一种完全集成在标准CMOS工艺中的四频GSM/GPRS功率放大器，无需任何外部匹配元件。通过采用分布式有源变压器（DAT）技术，成功解决了手持设备中电源电压变化大和负载失配严重带来的挑战。
G. Hatcher, D. McClymont, A. Hajimiri Axiom Microdevices, Irvine, CA There is a strong drive toward handheld communication devices with building blocks that are fully integrated in standard CMOS technologies. Although there are obvious cost, size, and repeatability advantages, it is particularly challenging to implement fully integrated power amplifiers with no external matching in standard CMOS under the large supply variations and harsh load mismatches present in handheld devices. Distributed active transformers (DATs) have been shown as the way to solve this problem in a fully integrated fashion [1]. The DAT also alleviates the effect of the low quality factor passives used to integrate the output matching network. Although the DAT can be used to produce watt-level output powers at low GHz frequency range with good efficiency, its original implementation is more conducive to low supply voltages that is very useful for a
I. Aoki, S. Kee, R. Magoon, R. Aparicio, F. Bohn, J. Zachan,