A Family of 45nm IA Processors

📋 论文概要

该论文介绍了基于45nm高k金属栅CMOS工艺的Nehalem系列IA处理器，涵盖移动、桌面和服务器领域。通过引入新的系统架构、增强的Core架构、先进功耗管理以及模块化设计，实现了4核8MB三级缓存、731M晶体管的高性能集成，并提出了创新的QuickPath Interconnect相干点对点互连技术。

💡 主要创新点

• 采用45nm高k金属栅CMOS工艺，集成731M晶体管，实现4核8MB三级缓存的高性能处理器家族。
• 引入QuickPath Interconnect相干点对点互连，支持多代IA处理器、芯片组、I/O集线器及协处理器/加速器间的低延迟一致性通信。
• 创新的系统架构与模块化设计，结合高级功耗管理与RAS特性，覆盖从移动到服务器的多细分市场。

🏷 关键词

📄 原文摘要

Nehalem is a family of next-generation IA processors for mobile, desktop and server segments implemented in 45nm high-κ metal-gate CMOS [1]. The family features a new system architecture, significantly enhanced Core architecture [2], innovations in power management and modular design. The 4-core 8MB-L3-cache die has 731M transistors. We introduce a coherent point–topoint link called QuickPath Interconnect that is the foundation for coherent communication between IA processors, chipsets, I/O hubs and coprocessors/accelerators for multiple generations. It features advanced power management, RAS capabilities and reduced hops/latency. At the physical level, it uses unidirectional variable-width differential signaling. The 45nm implementation features current-mode signaling with cascode driver, clock forwarding, source and sink termination, per-bit skew compensation and 2-tap driver equalization, as showin in Fig. 3.2.1. Signaling speed is up to 6.4GT/s in 45nm

👥 作者与机构

Rajesh Kumar, Glenn Hinton

Intel, Hillsboro, OR