2009

4Southampton University, UK 2,4 1 1 3 1 Over the past 50 years, the semiconductor industry has been the enabling technology and the engine that has driven many huge changes in everyday life. Personal computing, mobile co

Low-voltage scaling limitations of memory-rich CMOS LSIs are one of the major problems in the nanoscale era [1-3] because they cause the evermore-serious power crises with device scaling. The problems stem from two unsca

INTRODUCTION The field of engineering needs your help! The profession is being presented with one of the most critical challenges it has ever faced. In most of the world, fewer and fewer kids are choosing to pursue engin

J. Prouvée1, D. Houssamedine2, U. Ebels2, J. A. Katine3, D. Mauri3, S. Florez3, O. Ozatay3, L. Folks3, B. D. Terris3, F. Badets4 1 CEA – Leti Minatec, Grenoble, France, 2CEA – Spintec, Grenoble, France Hitachi, San Jose,

highly demanded, in future and emerging RFID technology [1]. The data rate of existing passive RFID tags is limited to a few hundreds of kb/s causing large latency. On the other hand, the position accuracy is not better

Joel Voldman1, Richard B. Levine2, John G. Hildebrand2, Anantha P. Chandrakasan1 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 1 2 For decades, scientists and engineers have been

Dongha Shim1, Changhua Cao1,3, Ruonan Han1, Daniel J. Arenas1, David B. Tanner1, Stephen Hill4, Chih-Ming Hung2, Kenneth K. O1 University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 2Texas Instruments, Dallas, TX NXP Semiconductors, Au

Electronic devices in contact or in close proximity to the human body can use its conductive properties to establish body coupled communication (BCC) between each other. This human centric communication paradigm can be u

Within the past few years several groups have demonstrated first prototypes of organic RFID-tags working at a carrier frequency of 13.56MHz [1-3]. Due to the superior performance of organic p-type semiconductors regardin

Advances in electronic-neural interfaces have shown great potential for both neuroscience research and medical devices. Much of the work to date has focused on short-range inductive links for power and communication tran

Broadband low noise amplifiers are needed in a variety of applications, from multistandard cellular receivers to terrestrial and handheld TV tuners [1,2]. For broadband and multiband operation, intermodulation and cross-

features superior bandwidth, linearity, stability, and robustness to PVT variations compared to a common-source (CS) topology [1]. In spite of these advantages, the dependence of gain and NF on the restricted transconduc

The noise figure (NF) of a front-end low-noise amplifier (LNA) places a lower bound on the sensitivity of a receiver. In a conventional LNA, there is a tradeoff between the intrinsic input capacitance of the input transi

Spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) is a key specification of radio receivers and spectrum analyzers, characterizing the maximum distance between signal and noise+distortion. SFDR is limited by the linearity (intercept po

A mixer is one of the bottlenecks in achieving the low-voltage operation of a receiver. Most of the mixer topologies recently reported for low-voltage and low-power applications can be categorized into bulk-injection mix

transceivers. To offset the oscillator frequency from the PA output frequency, SSB mixing or division-by-2 is typically used [1]. However, the first might require additional filtering to remove mixing spurs and the latte

Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) for ultra-low-power Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is the power dissipation of existing solutions. Whereas FHSS would make WSNs very robust and secure in difficult fading (indoor

In a software-defined radio (SDR) receiver it is desirable to minimize RF bandfiltering for flexibility, size and cost reasons, but this leads to increased outof-band interference (OBI). Besides harmonic and intermodulat

Wideband direct-conversion harmonic-rejection (HR) receivers for softwaredefined radio aim to remove or relax the pre-mixer RF filters, which are inflexible, bulky and costly [1,2]. HR schemes derived from [3] are often

Matt Goldman1, Chris Haid1, Atif Huq1, Takaaki Ichikawa2, Joel Jorgensen1, Owen Jungroth1, Nishant Kajla1, Ravinder Kajley1, Koichi Kawai2, Jiro Kishimoto2, Ali Madraswala1, Tetsuji Manabe2, Vikram Mehta1, Midori Morooka

SSDs. A typical SSD consists of more than 16 NAND Flash memories, DRAMs and a NAND controller. Since the NAND write performance is 10MB/s [1,2], to raise the write speed of SSD to the level of HDD, 100MB/s, 8 or more NAN

Jung-Chul Han, In-Soo Wang, kyu-hee Lim, Jung-Hwan Lee, Ji-Hwan Kim, Won-Kyung Kang, Tai-Kyu Kang, Hee-Su Byun, Yu-Jong Noh, Lee-Hyun Kwon, Bon-Kwang Koo, Myung Cho, Joong-Seob Yang, Yo-Hwan Koh Hynix Semiconductor, Iche

Shindo1, Toshiaki Edahiro1, Teruhiko Kamei2, Hiroaki Nasu2, Makoto Iwai1, Koji Kato1, Yasuyuki Fukuda1, Naoaki Kanagawa1, Naofumi Abiko1, Masahide Matsumoto2, Toshihiko Himeno1, Toshifumi Hashimoto1, Yi-Ching Liu2, Hardw

communication technique, which enables a controller chip to communicate with random access with a stack underneath it of 64 NAND Flash memory chips at a data rate of 2Gb/s using relayed transmission is developed (Fig. 13

K. Isobe2, B. Le1, F. Moogat1, N. Mokhlesi1, K. Kozakai1, P. Hong1, T. Kamei1, K. Iwasa2, J. Nakai2, T. Shimizu2, M. Honma2, S. Sakai2, T. Kawaai2, S. Hoshi2, J. Yuh1, C. Hsu1, T. Tseng1, J. Li1, J. Hu1, M. Liu1, S. Khal

sensing applications, in part because they can be easily duty-cycled to achieve extreme energy efficiency. Within pulsed radios, non-coherent (NC) RF front ends that use simple square-and-integrate samplers offer signifi

H-C Chiou1, H-C Yeh1, J-H Shieh1, K-S Huang1, K-I Li1, M-J Wu2, M-H Li1, S-H Chou1, S-L Chew2, W-L Lien2, W-G Yau1, W-Z Ge1, W-C Lai1, W-H Ting1, Y-J Tsai1, Y-C Yen1, Y-C Yeh1 1 2 MediaTek, Hsinchu, Taiwan MediaTek, Sing

The high spectral efficiency offered by multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) technology has made it the technology-of-choice in many standards like IEEE 802.16e/m (WiMAX) and the long term evolution (LTE) project and em

level and characterized for different input signal slopes, load capacitances, and process corner conditions. The extracted timing characteristics have been used as constraint to drive the digital block implementation. Ba

Amit Agarwal, Ram K. Krishnamurthy, Shekhar Borkar Intel, Hillsboro, OR High-throughput parallel SIMD vector computations are the most performance and power-critical operations in multimedia, graphics and signal processi

(AMLCD) systems play the key role of data voltage generation. Especially stringent requirements are imposed on the DACs for AMLCD data drivers: uniform performance in each data channel, and compactness in chip implementa

resistor-string DAC (RDAC) needs to be increased, which results in a large area overhead [1]. To avoid this issue, several DAC architectures such as a CDAC [2] and an embedded DAC [3] have been reported. However, CDACs s

Tomoyuki Akahori1, Tomohiko Kosugi1, Keigo Isobe1, Yuichi Kaneko1, Zheng Liu1, Kazuki Muramatsu1, Takeshi Matsuyama1, Shoji Kawahito1, 2 1 Brookman Lab, Hamamatsu, Japan, 2Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan The perfor

Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN LG Electronics, Seoul, Korea 2 Active-matrix organic LED (AMOLED) is one of the most promising contenders for next-generation displays. However, the VT-shift issue in thin-film trans

As shown in Fig. 16.1.3, when the transmitter output patterns are especially toggle patterns (1010…), the received input data have intermediate voltages between VH and VL (or the slicer outputs (DH(T), DL(T)) consequentl

Advances in nanoscale CMOS technology have made it feasible to implement W-Band circuits in CMOS. Recently, CMOS implementation of high-frequency circuits for applications such as 77GHz anti-collision systems, 94GHz imag

Daeik D. Kim1, Jonghae Kim2, Choongyeun Cho1, Jean-Olivier Plouchart3, Mahender Kumar1, Woo-Hyeong Lee1, Ken Rim1 The implemented VCOs tune from 83.20 to 96.98GHz (VCO1, 2, and 3) and 100.07 to 104.28GHz (VCO4), and thei

unlicensed mm-wave bands has fueled the research and development of mm-wave wireless systems. If different frequency bands can be operated from one signal source, it will reduce the circuit size and power consumption, le

Owing to the nanoscale CMOS technology, mm-wave circuits have been recently attracting a lot of attention for communication, sensing and imaging systems. Several mm-wave components with operation frequencies around or mo

Thomas Lentsch1, Rainer Matischek1, Josef Prainsack1, Wolfgang Pribyl2, Horst Theuss3, Werner Weber4 Infineon, Graz, Austria Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria 3 Infineon, Regensburg, Germany 4 Infineon, Munich

biomedical applications. Although in vitro analytical and diagnostic tools have been the focus of such technologies, in vivo therapeutic and sensing applications have received significant attention in the past few years.

diseases in everyday life, but their large form factors or battery power limitations still remain to be solved. Security and/or requirements of interference resilience are stringent for health monitoring, and therefore,

g. autonomous sensor systems (Fig. 17.4.4). Therefore a periodic system wake up is implemented, controlled by an on-chip oscillator and a programmable timing network. To generate a constant output voltage of 3.3V for dut

Wireless powering of implanted devices obviates the need for batteries, which must be periodically replaced and constitute a health risk. There has long been an assumption that efficient wireless transfer of power to bio

Energy harvesting is an emerging technology with applications to handheld, portable and implantable electronics. Harvesting ambient vibration energy through piezoelectric (PE) means is a popular energy harvesting techniq

¹University of California, Davis, CA ²Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA Energy harvesting systems such as self-powered wireless sensor nodes rely on a diverse set of energy sources in their continuously changing envi

U.Leuven, Leuven, Belgium 3 R.M.A., Brussels, Belgium 2 Energy harvesters [1] power energy-autonomous wireless sensor systems by converting ambient environmental energy into electrical energy. Thermoelectric generators (

Miniaturizing its components, power source, sensors and actuators, has proven challenging. As a consequence, few autonomous microrobots have been reported until recently [1-3]. These are simple mobile platforms, without

In the precision mechatronics of wafer steppers, thermal expansion is an important source of error. To compensate for this, the temperature of critical mechanical components must be measured with high resolution (<1µK),

A current-feedback instrumentation amplifier (CFIA) is presented that uses ping-pong auto-zeroing and chopping to reduce offset, 1/f noise, and output ripple. CFIAs are attractive because of their ability to sense differ