Quantum Computing – The Next Challenge in Circuit and System Design Lieven Vandersypen

📋 论文概要

本文是一篇特邀报告，概述了量子计算的基本原理及其对电路与系统设计带来的新挑战。重点讨论了量子比特的脆弱性以及如何通过电路设计来应对环境噪声和退相干问题。

💡 主要创新点

• 从电路设计角度系统性地提出量子计算面临的核心挑战，包括量子比特的操控、读取和纠错。
• 强调量子比特的指数级计算潜力与物理实现的极低容错率之间的矛盾，为电路设计指明新方向。

🏷 关键词

📄 原文摘要

1. Overview Quantum computers have the potential to tackle problems in materials science, chemistry, and mathematics that are well beyond the reach of supercomputers. Their power derives from the use of quantum bits, which can exist in both 0 and 1 simultaneously, a so-called quantum superposition state. This leads to a computing power that doubles with every additional quantum bit. The challenge of quantum computing is that quantum bits are extremely fragile and their state is easily perturbed by environmental fluctuations. However, recent theoretical and experimental advances have made it clear that the resulting errors can in principle be corrected. What it takes is a system containing thousands or millions of quantum bits operating at ultra-low temperatures, that must be interfaced using complex classical mixed-signal and microwave circuits for read-out and control. By comparison, today’s practical

👥 作者与机构

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Professor,

QuTech and Kavli Institute of NanoScience, TU Delft, The Netherlands