50 years of Computer Architecture: From the Mainframe CPU to the Domain-Specific TPU and the Open RISC-V Instruction Set

📋 论文概要

该论文回顾了计算机架构50年的发展历程，从早期大型机到现代领域特定处理器（如TPU）和开源RISC-V指令集，分析了统一指令集架构的重要性。

💡 主要创新点

• 系统回顾了50年计算机架构演变，强调了指令集架构统一的关键作用。
• 指出了领域特定架构（如TPU）对未来计算性能提升的重要意义。
• 介绍了开源RISC-V指令集作为开放生态系统对计算机架构发展的推动。

🏷 关键词

📄 原文摘要

Each had its own unique instructionset architecture (ISA); I/O system; system software (assemblers, compilers, libraries); and market niches (business, scientific, real time). IBM engineers bet that they could invent a single ISA that would work for customers of all four lines. Moreover, the same program would run correctly on any implementation of that ISA, though at different speed and cost. That vision required a new way to build computers that would be binary compatible from the cheapest 8-bit model to the fastest 64-bit version. While datapaths were straightforward, the hardest part of computer design then and now is control. Maurice Wilkes, a computing pioneer, proposed that control be built from Read Only Memory (ROM) [1]. At the time, Random Access Memory (RAM) was much less expensive than logic, and ROM was much less

👥 作者与机构

David Patterson, Google and UC Berkeley, 1.

Our Story Begins in the Early 1960s IBM had four incompatible computer lines