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本文提出一个采用14nm CMOS工艺的128Gb/s PAM-4发射机，实现1.3pJ/b的能效，并集成可重构3-tap前馈均衡器（FFE），以解决PAM-4信号对高带宽和大输出幅度的要求。
Herschel A. Ainspan, Timothy O. Dickson, Michael P. Beakes, Mounir Meghelli IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY The ever-increasing demand for higher bandwidth continues to fuel the need for faster and more power-efficient IOs, with the next generation high-speed serial links expected to reach data rates higher than 112Gb/s using PAM-4 signaling [13]. While PAM-4 spectral efficiency is better than that of NRZ, it is less tolerant of residual ISI and noise. As a consequence, a driver with high bandwidth and large output amplitude is required. This paper presents a 64Gbaud PAM-4 TX with a fully reconfigurable 3-tap FFE, which achieves a power efficiency of 1.3pJ/b in PAM-4 mode and 2.7pJ/b in NRZ mode for a differential output swing of 1Vppd. A feature of the FFE construction is the use of fully re-assignable FFE segments among the 3 taps, which allows a reduced number of segments for lower
Zeynep Toprak-Deniz, Jonathan E. Proesel, John F. Bulzacchelli,