ISSCC 2026
Session 8
Wireline I/O
A 72Gb/s/pin Single-Ended Simultaneous Bi-Directional Transceiver with C-Peaking Leakage Cancellation and Dual-Loop Hybrid Impedance Calibration for Chiplet Interfaces
Abstract This paper presents a 72Gb/s/pin single-ended simultaneously bi-directional (SBD) TRX in 28nm CMOS. Capacitive peaking leakage cancellation (CPLC) suppresses the high-frequency leakage due to the main and hybrid
ISSCC 2026
Session 8
Wireline I/O
A 0.292pJ/b 56Gb/s/wire Capacitively Driven Simultaneous Bidirectional Transceiver with PVT/Mismatch Tracking for XSR and D2D Interfaces in 28nm CMOS
Abstract A low-power (0.292pJ/b), high-bandwidth (56Gb/s/wire) single-ended capacitively driven simultaneous bi-directional (CD-SBD) TRX with PVT tolerance is proposed. Capacitive driving reduces power and self-interfere
ISSCC 2026
Session 8
Wireline I/O
A 112Gb/s PAM-4 SBD Transceiver with Mismatch-Compensated 2×VDD Hybrid and Two-Step Echo Canceller in 28nm CMOS
Abstract A 112Gb/s PAM-4 simultaneous bidirectional (SBD) transceiver in 28nm CMOS is presented. It features a hybrid with a 2×VDD stacked driver to restore signal swing, a joint delay and slew-rate matching scheme to el
ISSCC 2026
Session 8
Wireline I/O
A 280mW 112Gb/s PAM-4/NRZ Transceiver for Low-Power IOs in 5nm FinFET Technology
Alberto Grassi1, Mehrdad Fahimnia1, Hiroshi Kimura2, Faramarz Bahmani2, Hao Chen2, Alex Wang2, Chen Zhao2, Yuan Fang2, Allen Chen3, Afshin Momtaz1, Namik Kocaman1 Broadcom, Irvine, CA, 2Broadcom, San Jose, CA, 3Broadcom,
ISSCC 2026
Session 8
Wireline I/O
A 112Gb/s 0.76pJ/b Reference-less Mixed-Signal PAM-4 CDR in 28nm CMOS
*Equally Credited Authors (ECAs) 1 Abstract This paper presents a 112Gb/s mixed-signal reference-less PAM-4 CDR in 28nm CMOS. By proposing the hybrid architecture based on a symmetrical linear PD and a bang-bang PFD, a f
ISSCC 2026
Session 8
Wireline I/O
A 112Gb/s/wire Single-Ended Simultaneous Bi-Directional Transceiver with Dynamic Equalizer for Die-to-Die Interface in 28nm CMOS
*Equally Credited Authors (ECAs) 1 Abstract This work presents an 8-lane 112Gb/s/wire single-ended simultaneous bi-directional transceiver with a 3mm shield-less on-chip channel. A dynamic equalizer is proposed to decoup
ISSCC 2026
Session 8
Wireline I/O
A 0.23pJ/b 24Gb/s Modular D2D Interface With Zero Wake Penalty Clock Gating in 3nm
Marina Salik2, Kevin Bartholomew2, Sushmitha Reddy2, Alex Tessitore2, Aws Shallal2, Kalyan Nallaparaju2, Jin Liang2, Minhan Chen2, Shaishav Desai1 Microsoft, Sunnyvale, CA, 2Microsoft, Raleigh, NC 1 Abstract This work pr
ISSCC 2026
Session 8
Wireline I/O
A 32Gb/s 12.35Tb/s/mm2 0.36pJ/b UCIe-Like Die-to-Die Interface Featuring Edge-Triggered Transceivers in 3nm with Active LSI Packaging
Chin-Hua Wen1, Hsin-Hung Kuo1, Han-Tzung Ke1, Jie-Ren Huang1, Chang-Yi Li1, Sheng-Tsung Lai1, Shu-Chun Yang1, Kuan-Ting Chou1, Pei-Chen Chiou1, Tsung-Hsien Tsai1, Yi-Ting Chen1, Yen-Ming Chen1, Kenny Cheng-Hsiang Hsieh1
ISSCC 2026
Session 8
Wireline I/O
A 1.59pJ/b 112Gb/s PAM-4 and 1.06pJ/b 168Gb/s PAM-8 Resistor-Less 7-Bit SST DAC-Based Transmitter with 8-Tap FFE in 28nm CMOS
Abstract A resistor-less 7b SST DAC-based TX with 8-tap FFE and 3 types of segments is presented to achieve low parasitic capacitance, compact area, and scaling friendliness. To reduce intersymbol-interference jitter at
ISSCC 2026
Session 8
Wireline I/O
A 180-to-240Gb/s Analog-Intensive PAM-4 Transmitter with 0.70pJ/b Analog Power Efficiency in 65nm CMOS
Abstract This paper presents a 180-240Gb/s analog-intensive PAM-4 transmitter in 65nm CMOS process. A three-stage cascaded 2-to-1 analog MUX (AMUX) is employed to reduce the complexity and therefore the parasitic capacit
ISSCC 2026
Session 8
Wireline I/O
A 48Gb/s/lane 1.24Tb/s/mm UCIe-Compliant Die-to-Die Link Over 30mm Standard Package
work demonstrates a UCIe-S compliant die-to-die PHY at 48Gb/s/lane across 16 lanes, achieving 1.24Tb/s/mm shoreline BW density over a 30mm organic package at 1.2pJ/b, extendable to 56GT/s (1.13pJ/b). Circuit innovations
ISSCC 2026
Session 23
Wireline I/O
A 112Gb/s NRZ Heterodyne Detection 23ns Settled Burst-Mode RX with CD Suppression and Envelope Demodulation for 100G PON
Abstract This work presents a burst-mode receiver based on an intensity modulation heterodyne detection scheme. SSB quadrature IF generation and envelope detection enhance baseband signal integrity and chromatic dispersi
ISSCC 2026
Session 23
Wireline I/O
A 212Gb/s/λ 0.91pJ/b Direct-Drive O-Band Monolithic Coherent Transmitter Based on Carrier-Injection-Mode Mach-Zehnder Modulator
Abstract This work presents an O-band coherent direct-drive optical transmitter (OTX) in 45nm CMOS-SOI using a compact 0.4mm monolithically integrated forward-biased PIN-MZM. A multistage linear driver with shunt peaking
ISSCC 2026
Session 23
Wireline I/O
A 6.4Tb/s 4.2pJ/b Co-Packaged Optics ASIC with Direct-Drive Integrated TIA and Retimed Segmented Mach-Zehnder Modulator Driver in 7nm FinFET
4Tb/s co-packaged optics ASIC integrates 64 ingress path direct-drive TIAs and 64 egress path retimed segmented Mach-Zehnder modulator drivers in 7nm FinFET. The 7nm ASIC is 3D packaged with a photonics IC (PIC) and achi
ISSCC 2026
Session 23
Wireline I/O
A 2×500Gb/s Monolithic Silicon-Photonic DWDM PAM-4 Transceiver in 45nm CMOS SOI
*Equally Credited Authors (ECAs) Abstract This work presents a monolithic 2×5λ DWDM microring transceiver in 45nm CMOS SOI delivering 2×500Gb/s (100Gb/s PAM-4/channel). The transceiver features a low-noise TIA with Q-tam
ISSCC 2026
Session 23
Wireline I/O
A 2-Channel 800Gb/s Transceiver for Coherent-Lite Applications with <300ns Latency in 5nm FinFET
Fulvio Martinelli1, Victor Karam2, Devrishi Khanna2, Mehdi N. Khiarak2, Sasan Cyrusian3, Mehdi Davoodi3, Marco Garampazzi1, Nimesh N. Miral1, Fabio Giunco1, Ivan Fabiano1, Nicola Codega1, Claudio Asero1, Daniel L. Herbas
ISSCC 2026
Session 23
Wireline I/O
A 32Gb/s/λ 256Gb/s/Fiber Half-Rate Bandpass-Filtered Clock-Forwarding DWDM Optical Link in a 3D-Stacked 7nm EIC/65nm PIC Technology
Ward Lopes1, Benjamin G. Lee3, Thomas H. Greer III2, C. Thomas Gray2 Nvidia, Santa Clara, CA, 2Nvidia, Durham, NC, 3Nvidia, Ridgefield, CT 1 Abstract We present a 32Gb/s/λ dense wavelength division multiplexing bandpass-
ISSCC 2025
Session 7
Wireline I/O
A 60Gb/s NRZ Burst-Mode CDR with Cross-Injection Locking and Flash Phase Detector Achieving 0.13ns Reconfiguration Time in 28nm CMOS
bandwidth and thermal power bottlenecks [1]. The increasing demands of the AI-centric data center impose more stringent requirements on low latency and high bandwidth [2]. Rapidly reconfigurable photonic switch networks
ISSCC 2025
Session 7
Wireline I/O
A Reference-less CDR Using SAR-Based Frequency-Acquisition Technique Achieving 55ns Constant Band-Searching Time and up to 63.64Gb/s/µs Acquisition Speed
in applications that demand a continuous data rate due to their simplicity and cost-effectiveness, as they eliminate the need for an external reference [1-6]. The frequency acquisition (FA) speed of such CDRs is critical
ISSCC 2025
Session 7
Wireline I/O
A 2.06pJ/b 106.25Gb/s PAM-4 Receiver with 3-Tap FFE and 1-Tap Speculative DFE in 28nm CMOS
The increasing demand for I/O bandwidth in data center pushes the data rate of serial links up to 100Gb/s. Although ADC-based receivers have powerful and flexible DSP equalization that can compensate for >20dB channel lo
ISSCC 2025
Session 7
Wireline I/O
A 353mW 112Gb/s Discrete Multitone Wireline Receiver Datapath with Time-Based ADC in 5nm FinFET
demand for higher communication bandwidth between processors through wired interconnects in large-scale servers has been driving the need to increase the perlane data rate beyond the current 112Gb/s. Recently demonstrate
ISSCC 2025
Session 7
Wireline I/O
A 112Gb/s DSP-Based PAM-4 Receiver with an LC-Resonator-Based CTLE for >52dB Loss Compensation in 4nm FinFET the CTLE_HF equivalent CM circuit in Fig. 7.4.3, the inductor coupling factor k can push the CM resonance frequency much higher than the cut-off frequency of the next stage’s SCC. Since the RLC network’s low-frequency impedance is small, which is given as a sum of the inductor ESR and a CM termination, the CTLE CM gain can be kept low over all frequency range.
GPUs, long-reach high-speed interconnects with data rates of 100Gb/s or higher are widely demanded for many different applications such as Ethernet/Optical standards or PCIe 7.0. Despite the latest advances in DSP-based
ISSCC 2025
Session 7
Wireline I/O
A 1.11pJ/b 224Gb/s XSR Receiver with Slice-Based CTLE and PI-Based Clock Generator in 12nm CMOS
Integrated Circuits, Beijing, China 1 2 Over the past few decades, process scaling and architecture advancements have led to an exponential increase in transceiver data rates. Recently, 224Gb/s DSP-based receivers (RXs)
ISSCC 2025
Session 7
Wireline I/O
A 2.2pJ/b 212.5Gb/s PAM-4 Transceiver with >46dB Reach in 5nm FinFET
D. Prabakaran3, D. Storaska5, D. Zhou1, D. Visani1, E. Hsiao1, F. Chu1, F. Khan1, F. Lu1, G. Cui1, G. Wang1, J. Natonio5, J. Deng1, J. Ding1, J. Guo1, J. Gu1, J. Zang1, L. Jiang1, K.-M. Lu4, M. Hasan1, M. Kelly6, M. H. K
ISSCC 2025
Session 7
Wireline I/O
An 8-to-28GHz 8-Phase Clock Generator Using Dual-Feedback Ring Oscillator in 28nm CMOS
Multi-phase clock generation is among the most critical building blocks in high-speed wireline transceivers. The integrated jitter and phase error of the clocks often dictate the maximum available SNDR at higher frequenc
ISSCC 2025
Session 7
Wireline I/O
A 212.5Gb/s DSP-Based PAM-4 Transceiver with 50dB Loss Compensation for Large AI System Interconnects in 4nm FinFET
Ahmed ElShater2, Amr Khashaba2, Shih-Hao Huang1, Tsz-Bin Liu1, Atharav Atharav2, Joonyeong Lee2, Qaiser Nehal2, Mohamed Megahed2, Yusang Chun2, Cheng-En Shieh1, Vidhan Jolly2, SoonWon Kwon2, Hsin-Ta Chien1, Ke-Chung Wu1,
ISSCC 2024
Session 7
Wireline I/O
An 8b 6-12GHz 0.18mW/GHz DC Modulated Ramp-Based Phase Interpolator in 65nm CMOS Process receiving injections. Further, the quadrature outputs from the 4-phase signals from the RO are edge-combined using an XOR gate to produce differential outputs with twice the RO frequency as shown in Fig. 7.9.2.
capacitor current based on the differential input clocks to generate differential ramp signals. The internal loop within the replica bias sets the DC level of the ramp signal. To ensure the ramp’s linearity across proces
ISSCC 2024
Session 7
Wireline I/O
A 69.3fs Ring-Based Sampling-PLL Achieving 6.8GHz-14GHz and -54.4dBc Spurs Under 50mV Supply Noise
Ahmed E. Abdelrahman, Tianyu Wang, Kyu-Sang Park, Pavan Kumar Hanumolu University of Illinois, Urbana, IL A low-jitter multi-phase clock generator is pivotal in high-speed serial link transceivers. With data rates surpas
ISSCC 2024
Session 7
Wireline I/O
A 2.16pJ/b 112Gb/s PAM-4 Transceiver with Time-Interleaved 2b/3b ADCs and Unbalanced Baud-Rate CDR for XSR Applications in 28nm CMOS
serializer-deserializer (SerDes) transceivers for >100Gb/s data rates have been developed in recent years [1-4]. Differing from the medium-reach (MR) or long-reach (LR) applications, the XSR TRX targets <50mm traces for
ISSCC 2024
Session 7
Wireline I/O
A 112Gb/s/pin Single-Ended Crosstalk-Cancellation Transceiver with 31dB Loss Compensation in 28nm CMOS
computing and artificial intelligence applications pushes wireline transceivers to higher data rates. DSP-based transmitters (TX) and receivers (RX) have achieved 224Gb/s [1-2], but unfortunately consume substantial power
ISSCC 2024
Session 7
Wireline I/O
A 224Gb/s/wire Single-Ended PAM-4 Transceiver Front-End with 29dB Equalization for 800GbE/1.6TbE
Taiyang Fan1, Hongchang Qiao1, Wentao Zhou1, Hongzhi Wu1, Liping Zhong1, Patrick Yin Chiang2, Quan Pan1 Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China Fudan University, Shanghai, China 1 2 With the expone
ISSCC 2024
Session 7
Wireline I/O
A 0.027mm2 5.6-7.8GHz Ring-Oscillator-Based Ping-Pong Sampling PLL Scoring 220.3fsrms Jitter and −74.2dBc Reference Spur
Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 3 Instituto Superior Tecnico/University of Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal 1 2 A ring oscillator (RO) based phase-locked loop (PLL) is a promising
ISSCC 2024
Session 7
Wireline I/O
A 224Gb/s 3pJ/b 40dB Insertion Loss Transceiver in 3nm FinFET CMOS
Mohammad-Mahdi Mohsenpour1, Marc-Andre LaCroix1, Babak Zamanlooy3, Tom Eeckelaert1, Dmitry Petrov1, Mostafa Haroun1, Carson Dick2, Alif Zaman1, Haitao Mei1, Shahab Moazzeni1, Tahseen Shakir1, Carlos Carvalho1, Howard Hua
ISSCC 2024
Session 7
Wireline I/O
A 224Gb/s sub pJ/b PAM-4 and PAM-6 DAC-Based Transmitter in 3nm FinFET
Dovid Gottesman1, Daljeet Kumar2, Zvi Marcus1, Yeshayahu Horwitz1, Sagi Zalcman1, Jihwan Kim3, Sandipan Kundu3, Ilia Radashkevich1, Yoav Segal1, Dror Lazar1, Udi Virobnik1, Mike Peng Li4, Ariel Cohen1 Intel, Jerusalem, I
ISSCC 2024
Session 7
Wireline I/O
A 2.69pJ/b 212Gb/s DSP-Based PAM-4 Transceiver for Optical Direct-Detect Application in 5nm FinFET
C. Loi4, C. R. Ho1, D. Cartina5, J. Riani1, J. Casanova1, K. Raviprakash1, L. Patra1, L. Wang1, M. Bachu1, S. Ray1, S. Chong4, S. Dallaire3, T. Nguyen1, T.-F. Wu2, V. Giridharan1, V. Gurumoorthy1, X. Ding4, Y. Yin1, Z. S
ISSCC 2023
Session 6
Wireline I/O
A 100Gb/s 1.6Vppd PAM-8 Transmitter with High-Swing 3+1 Hybrid FFE Taps in 40nm the selected FFE setting, with proper shift operations involved. This approach minimizes the area and power overhead for the FFE multiplexing, while still covering a sufficient range of configurations for representative channels.
Hyunwoo Im, Taeho Shin, Jaeduk Han The FIR controller output and the N-bit shifted MSB signals are further upconverted by the following ten 8:4 serializers, producing a 40-bit data stream (TA4, TB4, and TC4 for the norma
ISSCC 2023
Session 6
Wireline I/O
A 128Gb/s PAM-4 Transmitter with Programmable-Width Pulse Generator and Pattern-Dependent Pre-Emphasis in 28nm CMOS
The ever-growing demands for high-bandwidth communications continuously push wireline links to operate at higher speeds. Recently reported transmitters (TXs) have achieved a data rate of more than 100Gb/s [1-6]. PAM-4 mo
ISSCC 2023
Session 6
Wireline I/O
A 0.83pJ/b 52Gb/s PAM-4 Baud-Rate CDR with Pattern-Based Phase Detector for Short-Reach Applications one point. VREFPM is set slightly above h0, and VREFPN is set slightly under $h0 for the optimal point. In this work, a single-stage CTLE is implemented for an energy-efficient equalizer, and the second lock option is chosen.
Youngwook Kwon, Chulwoo Kim Figure 6.6.4 shows the circuit implementation and the operation of the data recovery path. The detailed operation is illustrated as two phases (CK0,90) in simulated transient waveforms. A conv
ISSCC 2023
Session 6
Wireline I/O
A 37.8dB Channel Loss 0.6µs Lock Time CDR with Flash Frequency Acquisition in 5nm FinFET
High-speed SerDes is accompanied by high channel loss. Channel loss is usually compensated by transmitter feed-forward equalization (FFE), receiver continuous time linear equalization (CTLE), and receiver decision-feedba
ISSCC 2023
Session 6
Wireline I/O
A 4nm 32Gb/s 8Tb/s/mm Die-to-Die Chiplet Using NRZ Single-Ended Transceiver With Equalization Schemes And Training Techniques
Wooseuk Oh, Hyemun Lee, Juyoung Kim, Takgun Lee, Geonhoo Mo, Sukhyun Jung, Dongcheol Choi, Byoung-Joo Yoo, Sanghune Park, Hyo-Gyuem Rhew, Jongshin Shin Samsung Electronics, Hwasung, Korea Recently, the demand for multi-c
ISSCC 2023
Session 6
Wireline I/O
A 0.43pJ/b 200Gb/s 5-Tap Delay-Line-Based Receiver FFE with Low-Frequency Equalization in 28nm CMOS
The ever-increasing demand for greater I/O bandwidth has pushed the transceiver data rate to 200Gb/s [1]. At this rate, the implementation of decision-feedback equalizers faces severe timing constraints. Discrete-time fe
ISSCC 2023
Session 6
Wireline I/O
A 4.63pJ/b 112Gb/s DSP-Based PAM-4 Transceiver for a Large-Scale Switch in 5nm FinFET detection can either use a low-latency short FFE to minimize peaking in the jitter transfer curve or use the main FFE/DFE output for very high loss channels (> 40dB).
Qaiser Nehal1, Miguel Gandara1, Tsz-Bin Liu2, Amr Khashaba1, Joonyeong Lee1, Chih-Yi Kuan2, Dhinessh Ramachandran1, Ruey-Bo Sun2, Atharav Atharav1, Yusang Chun1, Mantian Zhang1, Deng-Fu Weng2, Chung-Hsien Tsai2, Chen-Hao
ISSCC 2023
Session 6
Wireline I/O
A 112Gb/s Serial Link Transceiver With 3-tap FFE and 18-tap DFE Receiver for up to 43dB Insertion Loss Channel in 7nm FinFET Technology
Lakshmi Rao1, Karapet Khanoyan1, Hamid Hatamkhani1, Xiaochen Yang1, Xin Meng1, Alexander Wong2, Jun Kim2, Ping Jing2, Yehui Sun2, Ali Nazemi1, Dean Liu2, Anthony Brewster1, Jun Cao1, Afshin Momtaz1 Broadcom, Irvine, CA B
ISSCC 2022
Session 6
Wireline I/O
A 50Gb/s PAM-4 Bi-Directional Plastic Waveguide Link with Carrier Synchronization Using PI-Based Costas Loop
Huxian Jin1, Tai young Kim1, Woohyun Kwon2, Kyoohyun Lim1, Konan Kwon1, Chang-Ahn Kim1, Taeho Kim1, Jun Gi Jo1, Jake Eu1, Sean Park1, Hyeon-Min Bae2 Point2 technology, Seoul, Korea KAIST, Daejeon, Korea of the I-DCM conv
ISSCC 2022
Session 6
Wireline I/O
A 1.6Tb/s Chiplet over XSR-MCM Channels using 113Gb/s PAM-4 Transceiver with Dynamic Receiver-Driven Adaptation of TX-FFE and Programmable Roaming Taps in 5nm CMOS
M. Sorna1, M. Wielgos1, P. B. Ramakrishna2, S. Shi3, S. Parker1, U. K. Shukla2, W. Kelly1, W. Su3, Z. Yu4 Marvell, Hopewell Junction, NY Marvell, Bangalore, India 3 Marvell, Shanghai, China 4 Marvell, Santa Clara, CA bet
ISSCC 2022
Session 6
Wireline I/O
An 182mW 1-60Gb/s Configurable PAM-4/NRZ Transceiver for Large Scale ASIC Integration in 7nm FinFET Technology
Kumar Thasari1, Saurabh Surana1, Jun Won Jung1, Jaehun Jeong1, Heng Zhang1, Anand Vasani1, Yonghyun Shim1, Zhi Huang1, Adesh Garg1, Hsiang-bin Lee1, Bo Wu2, Feifei Liu1, Ray Wang1, Matthew Loh2, Alex Wang2, Mario Caresos
ISSCC 2022
Session 6
Wireline I/O
A 2.29pJ/b 112Gb/s Wireline Transceiver with RX 4-Tap FFE for Medium-Reach Applications in 28nm CMOS
entertainment has never been fulfilled. Mixed-signal PAM-4 transceivers prevail over their ADC-DSP counterparts in energy efficiency and chip area, but they have difficulties operating over high-loss links. Typically, a
ISSCC 2022
Session 6
Wireline I/O
A 112.5Gb/s ADC-DSP-Based PAM-4 Long-Reach Transceiver with >50dB Channel Loss in 5nm FinFET
D. Zhou1, D. Visani1, E. Hsiao1, F. Chu1, F. Lu1, G. Cui1, H. Zhang1, H. Wang1, H. Zhao1, J. Lin1, J. Gu1, L. Luo2, L. Jiang1, M. Singh1, M. Gambhir1, M. Hasan1, M. Wu1, M. J. Yoo1, P. Liu1, S. Kollu1, T. Ye2, X. Zhao2,
ISSCC 2022
Session 6
Wireline I/O
A 1.41pJ/b 224Gb/s PAM-4 SerDes Receiver with 31dB Loss Compensation
Itamar Levin1, Ari Gordon1, Yaniv Sabag1, Vitali Rahinski1, Gadi Ori1, Noam Familia1, Stas Litski1, Tali Warshavsky1, Udi Virobnik1, Yeshayahu Horwitz1, Ajay Balankutty2, Shiva Kiran2, Samuel Palermo3, Peng Mike Li4, Ari
ISSCC 2022
Session 17
Wireline I/O
A 9b-Linear 14GHz Integrating-Mode Phase Interpolator in 5nm FinFET Process
MaxLinear, Carlsbad, CA 1 2 Increased data-rates and multi-lane SerDes implementations impose stringent conditions for CDRs to produce low-jitter clocking that is capable of managing frequency and phase offsets. Conseque
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