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该论文提出了一种基于NPN型BJT的温度传感器，通过噪声优化的电荷平衡方案和电流辅助放大器，实现了80 fJ∙K²的分辨率品质因数（FoM），在能量效率上显著优于传统BJT温度传感器。解决了BJT温度传感器能量效率低于电阻式传感器的问题。
BJT-based temperature sensors are widely used because they can achieve a high accuracy after applying a low-cost 1-point trim. In terms of energy efficiency, however, they are still outperformed by resistor-based sensors [1]. Recently, significant improvements in energy efficiency have been achieved by using charge-balancing continuous-time ∆Σ-modulators (CT∆ΣM) to digitize the ratio of PTAT and CTAT currents generated by BJT-based frontends [2,3]. In this work, an NPN-based temperature sensor is presented that uses a noise-optimized charge-balancing scheme and a current-assisted amplifier to achieve both high energy efficiency (80fJ%K2 FoM) and low inaccuracy (0.1°C (3σ) from -70°C to 125°C), while occupying only 0.05mm2. Compared to the state-of-the-art [2-5], the proposed sensor is 2.5$ more energy efficient, achieves similar accuracy, and occupies 1.5$ less area. Figure 27.4.1 (top left) illustrates the operation of a sensor with a previous charge-balancing
Nandor G. Toth, Kofi A. A. Makinwa
TU Delft, Delft, The Netherlands