Other

The rapid advancement of processor technology has posed stringent challenges on power supply design. For high efficiency, switching converters are used. Frequent load switching requires the converters to have fast load t

Self-powered wireless micro-sensors and other miniaturized wireless systems provide energy-saving and performance-enhancing intelligence to state-ofthe-art biomedical and consumer electronics and difficult-to-replace tec

Kyoung-Sik Seol1,4, Young-Jin Woo1, Gyu-Hyeong Cho1, Gyu-Ha Cho2, Jae-Woo Lee2, Sung-il Kim3 Control-loop compensation: There are two poles in the conventional CPM control loop (one is generated by the error amplifier, a

Recently, several research results have been reported on the integration of electronics with textiles such as the wearable computer and e-textiles [1-3]. Most of the previous works were based mainly on conducting threads

investigating the function of the nervous system. Optical techniques, based on voltage- and calcium-sensitive dyes or photouncaging, along with multi-photon fluorescent microscopy have proven very successful in imaging a

Hsinchu, Taiwan 3 National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 4 University of New Castle, Callaghan, Australia 2 Simultaneous neural signal recording from many neurons has a wide range of applications ranging from the stu

implants are developed to restore visual perception in blind patients. The retina can be stimulated from either side (epiretinal [1] or subretinal [2,3]). With a subretinal light sensitive chip, the natural optical syste

CCD imagers for today’s consumer and commercial applications the emerging biomedical market presents new opportunities to CMOS APS. Prominent examples addressing distinct issues in life style and health care are the poss

system (Fig. 7.3.1), made possible by CMOS integration of a highly sensitive and versatile RF transceiver. The system’s functionality is verified through proton NMR measurements in water and biomolecular sensing. The sys

This will drive change in human-computer-interaction styles from those using keyboards to those using unobtrusive sensor signals and it will also enhance the penetration of computers into human life. This enables the the

signal. This is especially a problem for optical sensing applications, in which the input photocurrent usually has a very wide dynamic range (DR). Various methods have been developed to overcome this limitation [1-4]. Th

Johan H. Huijsing1, Kofi A. A. Makinwa1 Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands National Semiconductor, Delft, Netherlands A detailed circuit diagram of the input stage is shown in Fig. 3.6.2. The PTAT trimmin

For power management in mobile systems, the supply current is often measured through a small sense resistor in series with the positive power supply. The voltage across this high-side sense resistor is then amplified and

The source follower is a well known basic building block for CMOS design. A capacitively loaded source follower acts as a 1st-order lowpass filter and exhibits excellent linearity, especially with reduced overdrive volta

The high non-recurring engineering costs of integrated circuit design make rapid-prototyping an important field of microelectronics. For digital circuits, FPGAs are highly developed and have become indispensable as both

Discrete-time charge-domain filters with FIR characteristics [1,2] require the resetting of their sampling capacitors for every cycle. However, since this resetting operation attenuates the signal when charge sharing is

Although software-defined radio (SDR) transceivers that operate with many current and future wireless systems (i.e., cellular, WLAN, WPAN, broadcast and GPS standards) have been extensively developed [1-2], demands for e

performance attainable in already available technologies. Above-IC technology (A-IC), consisting of a 5μm thick electroplated Cu layer on an 18μm low-K BCB dielectric, post-processed on top of the CMOS, provides a low-co

Jun Noda2, Teruki Sukenari2, Yusuke Konishi2, Toshiyasu Nakao2, Akitake Mitsuhashi2, Daigo Taguchi1 1 NEC, Kawasaki, Japan, 2NEC, Ikoma, Japan Wireless sensor network systems are coming into increased use because of thei

Kenji Hinode1, Hideo Suzuki1, Toshiyuki Miyazaki2, Mutsuo Hidaka1, Nobuyuki Yoshikawa3, Hirotaka Terai4, Akira Fujimaki5 International Superconductivity Technology Center, Tsukuba, Japan Japan Science and Technology Agen

In modern CMOS technologies reliability issues limit the maximum operating voltage of transistors. This prevents the integration of efficient power amplifiers (e.g., audio or RF) since stacked devices are needed to preve

V. De Heyn, S. Thijs, D. Linten, G. Van der Plas, B. Parvais, M. Dehan, S. Decoutere, C. Soens, N. Collaert, M. Jurczak IMEC, Heverlee, Belgium CMOS scaling beyond 45nm requires devices that deviate from the planar bulk

Jungki Choi3, Kihong Kim3, Jungsuk Lee3, Kyutae Lim1, Chang-Ho Lee2, Haksun Kim3,4, Joy Laskar1 1 Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA Samsung RFIC Design Center, Atlanta, GA 3 Samsung Electro-Mechanics, Suwon, K

A wake-up receiver (WuRx) is used in wireless sensor networks (WSN) to detect wireless traffic directed to a node’s receiver and activate it upon detection, improving network latency and energy dissipation by maximizing

currently prevent the seamless integration of wireless and networking capability into any tiny high-tech object such as hearing aids or miniature drug delivery monitoring devices or implants. The combination of MEMS tech

Aggressive scaling and increasing clock frequency have exacerbated inductive (Ldi/dt) supply noise, decreasing the robustness of power delivery networks. Ldi/dt is further aggravated by commonly used power-reduction tech

financial transactions and the transfer of confidential information. Small circuits for high-level information security have to be implemented in these chips. These secure circuits thus require a small ph-RNG (physical r

Accurate characterization and measurement of local variation in threshold voltage (Vt) of closely spaced devices is essential for process optimization, yield enhancement and design of analog circuits in current technolog

Semiconductor reliability is a growing issue as device critical dimensions shrink and integration levels continue to grow at a rapid pace. Aggressive oxide thickness scaling has led to large vertical electric fields in M

P. A. Semi, Santa Clara, CA Process variability has become a major challenge in nanometer technologies. The trend is driven by Moore’s law, low-power requirements (i.e., low VDD), and shrinking device geometries. Underst

Chandrasekharan, Kothandaraman2, Yan Zun Li2, Chris Paone1, Brian Reed1, Norman Robson2, John Safran2, David Schmitt1, Subramanian Iyer2 1 IBM, Rochester, MN IBM, East Fishkill, NY 2 A nickel silicide polysilicon eFUSE p

Process variation will greatly impact the power and performance of future microprocessors. Design approaches based on multiple supply or threshold voltage assignment provide techniques to statically tune critical path de

Chris B. Wilkerson, Shih-Lien L. Lu, Tanay Karnik, Vivek K. De Intel, Hillsboro, OR Microprocessor clock frequency (FCLK) is traditionally determined based on maximum supply voltage (Vcc) droop and temperature specificat

Performance variation due to PVT uncertainty has led to an increased interest in adaptive designs. Traditional methods for adaptive design have used so-called canary circuits that mimic the critical-path delay of the act

There is widespread demand for a low-cost, rapid, selective and sensitive method for detecting bacteria in medical diagnosis, and food-safety inspection. Traditional methods, such as polymerase chain reaction and cell cu

thin-film-transistors on foil and ultra-thin chips on foil are technologies currently pursued to support the strongly emerging market for flexible electronics. Ultra-thin CMOS chips [1] on foil will not only provide solu

L. Duraffourg1, E. Ollier1, F. Casset1, P. Ancey2, L. Buchaillot3, A. M. Ionescu4 1 CEA-LETI, Grenoble, France, 2STMicroelectronics, Crolles, France IEMN, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France, 4EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland 3 Nano-el

University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands NXP Semiconductors, Eindhoven, Netherlands Wideband receivers are required for many applications including the upcoming software-defined radio (SDR) architectures and ultra-wid

applications. Expensive scaled CMOS processes are readily used as a technology enabler to provide adequate performance. The high implementation cost of circuits in such processes is justified by the added functionality o

Recently several CMOS software-defined radio (SDR) demonstrators have been presented using mixers as the wideband downconverter [1,2]. Meanwhile, the feasibility of RF samplers as downconverter has also been demonstrated