ISSCC 2026
Session 10
Digital Circuits
SharpSAT: A Heuristic-Learning-Based SAT Accelerator Achieving 0.8μs/16.1μs Solution Time in SAT/UNSAT Cases
Abstract We present SharpSAT, a heuristic-learning SAT accelerator that achieves fast solution times of 0.8$s for SAT and 16.1$s for UNSAT cases. Our design integrates: a fast clause learning unit that prunes the search
ISSCC 2026
Session 10
Digital Circuits
COBI: A Degree-of-56 Column-Bipartite Densely Connected Digital Ising Chip with 8b Spin Coefficients
Abstract We present a 65nm digital Ising chip with an advanced column-bipartite topology, featuring densely connected spins with a degree of 56 and 8b coefficients for mapping and solving computationally intensive combin
ISSCC 2026
Session 10
Digital Circuits
A 28nm Mode-Reconfigurable CAM-CIM Hybrid Complete 3-SAT Solver Supporting Conflict-Driven Clause Learning with 100% Solvability
Abstract The K-SAT problem is NP-complete and costly on von Neumann machines. Several ASIC solvers have been proposed to mitigate this, but they rely on inefficient crossbar mapping, overlook community structures and lac
ISSCC 2026
Session 10
Digital Circuits
A Hybrid-Bonded 12.1TOPS/mm2 56-Core DNN Processor with 2.5Tb/s/mm2 3D Network on Chip
Carlos Tokunaga1, Ram K. Krishnamurthy1, James W. Tschanz1 Intel, Hillsboro, OR, 2Intel, Austin, TX, 3Intel, Santa Clara, CA 1 Abstract A manycore DNN processor leverages hybrid bonding in a 14×4×2 mesh network on chip t
ISSCC 2026
Session 10
Digital Circuits
Proactive Power Management-Based Supply Regulation with Online Learning for Variation-Tolerant Workload-Aware Droop Mitigation in 28nm CMOS
IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 1 5 Abstract A 28nm SoC solution with integrated proactive power management for droop mitigation is demonstrated combining a neural droop management unit, integrated
ISSCC 2026
Session 10
Digital Circuits
A 0.008mm2 16-to-1600MHz All-Digital Fractional Divider Using AUX-DLL for Background LMS-Based DTC Calibration
Abstract An all-digital high-performance standalone fractional divider (FDIV) is presented. It leverages a robust replica-free least-mean square (LMS)-based digital-to-time converter (DTC) background calibration using a
ISSCC 2026
Session 10
Digital Circuits
A 2nm Clock-Edge Architecture for Processor Clock-Power Reduction
Abstract A 2nm clock-edge architecture (CEA) for an NPU matrix-multiplication unit (MXU) features dual-edge-triggered (DET) flip-flops, DET clock-gating circuits, and an adaptive clock dutycycle controller to achieve iso
ISSCC 2026
Session 10
Digital Circuits
A Dynamic Performance Augmentation in a 3nm-Plus Mobile CPU
Huaichung Chang1, C.-J. Tsai1, Yi-Chang Zhuang1, Barry Chen1, Ericbill Wang1, Hugh Mair2, Shih-Arn Hwang1 MediaTek, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 2MediaTek, Austin, TX 1 Abstract This work presents dynamic mobile-performance augmenta
ISSCC 2026
Session 10
Digital Circuits
A 3nm, 400TOPS, 1080k DMIPS SoC with Chiplet Support for ASIL D Automotive Cross-Domain Applications
Paris, France 1 Abstract This paper presents a 3nm SoC, designed for software defined vehicles, integrating various functions for zone-based computing. The chip includes a 1,080kDMIPS APU, 400TOPS NPU and 51.2GB/s inter-
ISSCC 2025
Session 8
Digital Circuits
An On-Cell Monitoring and Balancing System With Near-Field Communications for EV Batteries
Dukosi, Edinburgh, United Kingdom A battery cell monitoring system for automotive and grid energy storage applications is presented. As part of a battery management system (BMS) it enhances pack performance and reliabili
ISSCC 2025
Session 8
Digital Circuits
Fine-Grained Spatial and Temporal Thermal Profiling of a 16nm CMOS Buck Converter and SoC Load-Current Emulator Using Low-Voltage Micron-Scale Thermal Sensors
Krishnan Ravichandran, James W. Tschanz, Vivek De Intel, Hillsboro, OR Localized hotspots across high-power-density monolithic systems-on-chip (SoCs) and heterogenous 3D SoCs with integrated voltage regulators (IVR) pose
ISSCC 2025
Session 8
Digital Circuits
A Dual VDD-Temperature Sensor Employing Sensor Fusion with 2.4°C, 9mV (±3σ) Inaccuracy in 65nm CMOS
escalated thermal and power delivery challenges in modern Systems-in-Package (SiPs) [1]. Increased power density and degraded thermal conductance intensify thermal hotspots. Meanwhile, workload-dependent supply-voltage (
ISSCC 2025
Session 8
Digital Circuits
A 0.024mm2 All-Digital Fractional Output Divider with 257fs Worst-Case Jitter Using Split-DTC-Based Background Calibration
Nanjing, China 1 2 In modern system-on-chips (SoCs), compact, low-jitter and low-power on-chip clock generators are essential for delivering multiple output frequencies to various modules, including microprocessors, IO i
ISSCC 2025
Session 8
Digital Circuits
A Command-Aware Hybrid LDO for Advanced HBM Interfaces with 150µA Quiescent Current and 20pF On-Chip Capacitor Achieving Sub-10mV Voltage Droop in 400ps Settling Time
KAIST, Daejeon, Korea 3 Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea 1 2 *Equally Credited Authors (ECAs) With the advent of the generative AI era, high-bandwidth memory (HBM) has emerged as an irreplaceable solution that can pro
ISSCC 2025
Session 8
Digital Circuits
A Dynamically Reconfigurable Digital-Integrated Voltage-Regulator Fabric for Energy-Efficient DVFS in Multi-Domain SoCs
Regulator (VR) architecture (Fig. 8.3.1), using Buck regulators to each drive a group of Low Dropout (LDO) regulated domains. The domain with the highest Vdd requirement within each group – the critical domain – sets the
ISSCC 2025
Session 8
Digital Circuits
Dynamic Guard-Band Features of the IBM zNext System
Sean M. Carey3, Alejandro Cook1, Karl Anderson3, Michael Romain3, Thomas Strach1, Pradeep Bhadravati Parashurama4, Aishwarya Tadkase4, Rahman Abber Tahir1, Luke Jenkins3, Kevin Low3, Eberhard Engler1 IBM Systems, Böbling
ISSCC 2025
Session 37
Digital Circuits
A 13.5µW 35-Keyword End-to-End Keyword Spotting System Featuring Personalized On-Chip Training in 28nm CMOS
customized to individual users. However, keyword spotting (KWS), a feature that is gaining widespread adoption in many personal devices, remains largely non-user-configurable as it is designed for the general public. Whi
ISSCC 2025
Session 37
Digital Circuits
A 28nm 18.1µJ/Acquisition End-to-End GPS Acquisition Accelerator with Energy-Accuracy-Driven Mixed-Radix IFFT and ROM-Assisted Computing
Columbia University, New York, NY 1 (Fig. 37.7.3, top). The butterfly unit receives 8 real inputs and 8 imaginary inputs in signand-magnitude format, through an input router switching between them. When real (imaginary)
ISSCC 2025
Session 37
Digital Circuits
SKADI: A 28nm Complete K-SAT Solver Featuring Dual-Path SRAM-Based Macro and Incremental Update with 100% Solvability
applications in various fields, including electronic design automation [1], formal verification [2], and fault diagnosis [3]. The objective of the K-SAT problem is to determine whether a truth assignment exists for n Boo
ISSCC 2025
Session 37
Digital Circuits
SHINSAI: A 586mm2 Reusable Active TSV Interposer with Programmable Interconnect Fabric and 512Mb 3D Underdeck Memory
Zexing Chen1, Mochen Tian2, Jundong Zhu2, Dexin Wen2, Yan Wang2, Yu Wang2, Jian Xu2, Feng Wang2, Jun Tao1, Chixiao Chen1, Qi Liu1, Ming Liu1 Fudan University, Shanghai, China Kiwimoore Semiconductors, Shanghai, China Fig
ISSCC 2025
Session 37
Digital Circuits
A 2-Dimensional mm-Scale Network-on-Textiles (kNOTs) for Wearable Computing with Direct Die-to-Yarn Integration of 0.6×2.15mm2 SoC and bySPI Chiplets
Akiyoshi Tanaka1, Fahim Foysal1, Charlie D. Hess1, Will Farrell2, Jim Owens2, Daniel S. Truesdell1, Benton H. Calhoun1 University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA Nautilus Defense LLC, Pawtucket, RI 1 2 This paper propos
ISSCC 2025
Session 37
Digital Circuits
IBM Telum II Processor Design-Technology Co-Optimizations
David Wolpert1, Gerry Strevig2, Chris Berry1, Leon Sigal3, Bill Huott1, Mark Cichanowski2, Matthias Pflanz4, Tobias Werner4, Philipp Salz4, Nick Jing1, Michael Romain1, Iris Leefken4, Richard Serton1, Rajesh Veerabhadrai
ISSCC 2025
Session 34
Digital Circuits
A 47.3-to-58.4GHz Differential Quasi-Class-E Colpitts Oscillator Achieving 198.8dBc/Hz FoMT
*Equally Credited Authors (ECAs) The increasing demand for complex modulation schemes to achieve high data-rates in millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communication systems necessitates local-oscillation (LO) signals with excepti
ISSCC 2025
Session 34
Digital Circuits
An 18.5-to-23.6GHz Quad-Core Class-F23 Oscillator Without 2nd/3rd Harmonic Tuning Achieving 193dBc/Hz Peak FoM and 140-to-250kHz 1/f3 PN Corner in 65nm CMOS
Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China 1 2 *Equally Credited Authors (ECAs) Rapid development of wireless communication technology makes low phase-noise (PN) millimeter-wave (mm-wave) oscillators
ISSCC 2025
Session 34
Digital Circuits
A 9.05-to-37.0GHz LO Generator with Magnetic Mode Switching and Tuning-Free Octave-Bandwidth Common-Mode Resonator Achieving >190.7dBc/Hz FoM
VCOs with a wide tuning range (TR) are crucial for achieving universal frequency coverage in multi-band communications, software-defined radios, and electronic warfare applications. A TR exceeding one octave is particula
ISSCC 2025
Session 34
Digital Circuits
A 4.75GHz Digital PLL with 45.8fs Integrated-Jitter and 257dB FoM Based on a Voltage-Biased Harmonic-Shaping DCO with Adaptive Common-Mode Resonance Tuning
Simone Mattia Dartizio1, Carlo Samori1, Andrea Leonardo Lacaita1, Salvatore Levantino1 Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy now with Kandou Bus SA, Saint-Sulpice, Switzerland 1 2 *Equally Credited Authors (ECAs) The numbe
ISSCC 2025
Session 34
Digital Circuits
A 380µW and -242.8dB FoM Digital-PLL-Based GFSK Modulator with sub-20µs Settling Frequency Hopping for Bluetooth Low-Energy in 22nm CMOS
Saleh Karman2, Andrea Leonardo Lacaita1, Salvatore Levantino1 Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy Infineon Technologies, Villach, Austria 1 2 *Equally Credited Authors (ECAs) Ultra-low power (ULP) Bluetooth Low-Energy (B
ISSCC 2024
Session 30
Digital Circuits
A Variation-Tolerant In-eDRAM Continuous-Time Ising Machine Featuring 15-Level Coefficients and Leaked Negative-Feedback Annealing
in various real-world decision-making and planning problems. However, most CO problems (COPs) are NP-hard, demanding substantial computational resources with conventional computers. The Ising machine is promising in addr
ISSCC 2024
Session 30
Digital Circuits
A Fully Integrated Annealing Processor for Large-Scale Autonomous Navigation Optimization selectors arranged in two stages, reducing the critical path by 85% compared to the design with a 1024b selector. An additional LFSR is included to ensure that the resulting distribution reaches uniformity.
In this work, the sizes of the clusters can be balanced by limiting the number of stations in a cluster. Memory access to the locations of stations can be reduced by mapping computations for clustering in a 2D array onto
ISSCC 2024
Session 30
Digital Circuits
VIP-Sat: A Boolean Satisfiability Solver Featuring 5×12 Variable In-Memory Processing Elements with 98% Solvability for 50-Variables 218-Clauses 3-SAT Problems
Boolean satisfiability (SAT), a non-deterministic polynomial (NP)-complete problem, has gained increasing attention with applications in artificial intelligence, machine learning, electronic design automation, and VLSI tes
ISSCC 2024
Session 30
Digital Circuits
A 40nm VLIW Edge Accelerator with 5MB of 0.256pJ/b RRAM and a Localization Solver for Bristle Robot Surveillance
Sigang Ryu1, Jong-Hyeok Yoon2, Zhijian Hao1, Azadeh Ansari1, Win-San Khwa3, Yu-Der Chih4, Meng-Fan Chang3, Arijit Raychowdhury1 Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Techno
ISSCC 2024
Session 14
Digital Circuits
A Monolithic 10.5W/mm2 600MHz Top-Metal and C4 Planar Spiral Inductor-Based Integrated Buck Voltage Regulator on 16nm-Class CMOS
Sheldon Weng, Anne Augustine, Huong T. Do, Jingshu Yu, Phong D. Bach, Xiaosen Liu, Kaladhar Radhakrishnan, Krishnan Ravichandran, James W. Tschanz, Vivek De Intel, Hillsboro, OR With the industry moving to a disaggregate
ISSCC 2024
Session 14
Digital Circuits
KASP: A 96.8% 10-Keyword Accuracy and 1.68µJ/Classification Keyword Spotting and Speaker Verification Processor Using Adaptive Beamforming and Progressive Wake-Up
Chunsheng Ji1, Yu Long1, Xiao Chen2, Xiaoyu Miao2, Liang Zhou1, Liang Chang1, Shanshan Liu1, Jun Zhou1 University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China China Micro Semicon, Chengdu, China 1 2 Keyw
ISSCC 2024
Session 14
Digital Circuits
A 0.45V 0.72mW 2.4GHz Bias-Current-Free Fractional-N Hybrid PLL Using a Voltage-Mode Phase Interpolator in 28nm CMOS the delay of the DTC based on the LMS calibration method. To satisfy timing constraints, the critical digital blocks are designed with customized logic circuits using low-threshold transistors. The whole HPLL can operate at the minimum voltage of 0.45V (D/VCO at 0.4V) without requiring any voltage booster or bias current.
Jiahao Zhao, Woogeun Rhee, Zhihua Wang Figure 14.7.3 shows the structure and properties of the proposed VPI. A 7b segmented RDAC combines a 4b binary R-2R DAC and a 3b thermometer DAC to tackle the tradeoff between resis
ISSCC 2024
Session 14
Digital Circuits
A 10A Computational Digital LDO Achieving 263A/mm2 Current Density with Distributed Power-Gating Switches and Time-Based Fast-Transient Controller for Mobile SoC Application in 3nm GAAFET
by CPU cluster to simplify the PMIC-SoC power rails in limited PCB area (VDDLIT, VDDMID and VDDBIG in Fig. 14.6.1). In order to optimize the power of each CPU core, integrated LDOs (iLDO) have recently been proposed [1-4
ISSCC 2024
Session 14
Digital Circuits
A 12nm Linux-SMP-Capable RISC-V SoC with 14 Accelerator
Maico Cassel dos Santos*1, Tianyu Jia*2, Joseph Zuckerman*1, Martin Cochet*3, Davide Giri1, Erik Jens Loscalzo1, Karthik Swaminathan3, Thierry Tambe2, Jeff Jun Zhang2, Alper Buyuktosunoglu3, Kuan-Lin Chiu1, Giuseppe Di G
ISSCC 2024
Session 14
Digital Circuits
A Fully Digital Current Sensor Offering Per-Core Runtime Power for System Budgeting in a 4nm-Plus Octa-Core CPU
Eric Jia-Wei Fang1, Yuju Cho1, Harry H. Chen1, Ping Kao1, Ericbill Wang1, Hugh Mair2, Shih-An Hwang1 MediaTek, Hsinchu, Taiwan MediaTek, Austin, TX 1 2 The primary focus of flagship smartphones is on the CPU, which utiliz
ISSCC 2024
Session 14
Digital Circuits
A 3nm Adaptive Clock Duty-Cycle Controller for Mitigating Aging-Induced Clock Duty-Cycle Distortion
Felipe Cabral3, Jason Hu2, Rajan Verma2, Vamshidhar Chiranji2, Anil Kumar2, Santanu Sarma2, Keith Bowman1 Qualcomm, Raleigh, NC Qualcomm, San Diego, CA 3 Qualcomm, Cork, Ireland 1 2 The clock path of a high-performance p
ISSCC 2024
Session 14
Digital Circuits
Proactive Voltage Droop Mitigation Using Dual-ProportionalDerivative Control Based on Current and Voltage Prediction Applied to a Multicore Processor in 28nm CMOS
dynamic voltage droops, including sharp 1st-order droops of around 100mV/10ns and frequent periodic droops when executing instructions using multiple cores [2-6] (Fig. 14.2.1 [top]). Several on-chip voltage sensors have
ISSCC 2024
Session 14
Digital Circuits
A/mm2 Scalable Distributed All-Digital 6×6 Dot-LDOs Featuring Freely Linkable Current-Sharing Network: A Fine-Grained On-Chip Power Delivery Solution in 28nm CMOS
architecture is emerging as a solution for on-chip power delivery [1-6]. Multiple digital LDO (D-LDO) units cooperate inside this framework to regulate supply voltage via a shared power grid network. By evenly dispersing
ISSCC 2024
Session 14
Digital Circuits
A Software-Assisted Peak Current Regulation Scheme to Improve Power-Limited Inference Performance in a 5nm AI SoC
Bruce Fleischer1, Joshua Rubin1, JohnDavid Lancaster1, Saekyu Lee1, Matthew Cohen1, Matthew Ziegler1, Nianzheng Cao1, Sandra Woodward2, Ankur Agrawal1, Ching Zhou1, Prasanth Chatarasi1, Thomas Gooding2, Michael Guillorn1
ISSCC 2023
Session 29
Digital Circuits
An 8T eNVSRAM Macro in 22nm FDSOI Standard Logic with Simultaneous Full-Array Data Restore for Secure IoT Devices
There has been an increasing demand for ultra-low power IoT devices in recent years. These devices often have low activity rates and most of the time are in standby mode, resulting in a high leakage energy consumption. T
ISSCC 2023
Session 29
Digital Circuits
A Sub-0.8pJ/b 16.3Gbps/mm2 Universal Soft-Detection Decoder Using ORBGRAND in 40nm CMOS
Kevin Galligan3, Muriel Medard2, Ken R. Duffy3, Rabia Tugce Yazicigil1 Boston University, Boston, MA Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 3 Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland 1 2 Many modern communica
ISSCC 2023
Session 29
Digital Circuits
CCSA: A 394TOPS/W Mixed-Signal GPS Accelerator with Charge-Based Correlation Computing for Signal Acquisition
the amount of transferred charge as ∆Qc,k=Cc∙[∆Vnc,k+(1/2∙VDD–Vm)], which is indeed proportional to the Lk%Rk product. Jieyu Li1, Weifeng He1, Bo Zhang2, Liang Qi1, Guanghui He1, Mingoo Seok2 The charges that all mixed-s
ISSCC 2023
Session 29
Digital Circuits
A 1.5µW End-to-End Keyword Spotting SoC with Content-Adaptive Frame Sub-Sampling and Fast-Settling Analog Frontend
a wake-up mechanism for edge IoT devices. While recent advances in deep learning have improved KWS accuracy [1], reducing system power consumption remains a challenge. A typical KWS signal chain consists of an analog fro
ISSCC 2023
Session 29
Digital Circuits
A 73.53TOPS/W 14.74TOPS Heterogeneous RRAM In-Memory and SRAM Near-Memory SoC for Hybrid Frame and Event-Based Target Tracking
Shota Konno1, Zishen Wan1, Ashwin Bhat1, Win-San Khwa2, Yu-Der Chih3, Meng-Fan Chang2, Arijit Raychowdhury1 Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA TSMC Corporate Research, Hsinchu, Taiwan 3 TSMC Design Technology,
ISSCC 2023
Session 29
Digital Circuits
An 8.09TOPS/W Neural Engine Leveraging Bit-Sparsified Sign-Magnitude Multiplications and Dual Adder Trees
(NNs) continues to increase, spurring the development of high-efficiency neural accelerator engines. Previous neural engines have relied on two’s-complement (2C) arithmetic for their central MAC units (Fig. 29.3.1 top, l
ISSCC 2023
Session 14
Digital Circuits
A Digital Low-Dropout (LDO) Linear Regulator with Adaptive Transfer Function Featuring 125A/mm2 Power Density and Autonomous Bypass Mode
grouped and share a common power supply per group. A combination of a common supply with per-domain DVFS implies a need for local voltage regulation, which in some SOCs is based on LDOs. Operation conditions feature dyna
ISSCC 2023
Session 14
Digital Circuits
A 10-to-300MHz Fractional Output Divider with -80dBc Worst-Case Fractional Spurs Using Auxiliary-PLL-Based Background 0th/1st/2nd-Order DTC INL Calibration
generators to satisfy diverse specifications for different modules, such as microprocessors, memories, I/O interfaces, and power management. Conventionally, multiple PLLs are used in SoCs to provide various frequency out
ISSCC 2023
Session 14
Digital Circuits
A Fractional-N Digital MDLL with Injection-Error Scrambling and Background Third-Order DTC Delay Equalizer Achieving –67dBc Fractional Spur
University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada 1 2 Ring-oscillator (RO)-based injection-locked phase-locked loops (IL-PLLs) and multiplying delay-locked loops (MDLLs) are promising candidates for low-cost, highperformance cloc
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