2013

Advanced Micro Devices, Austin, TX 1. Introduction 1.1 Current Computing Challenges Anyone wishing to drive advances in computing technology must carefully negotiate key trade-offs. First, reducing power consumption is i

1.0 Introduction If the world continues to consume electric power following current policy, the consumption of power will double by 2035 [1], and by 2030 it is forecast that the human race will need the CO2-absorption ca

Optical lithography has been the key manufacturing technology for integratedcircuit production, enabling a million-fold reduction in average transistor length over 50 years. The development of projection scanners, step-a

Radio receivers should be robust to large out-of-band blockers with small degradation in their sensitivity. N-path mixers can be used as mixer-first receivers [1] with good linearity and RF filtering [2]. However, 1/f no

Filters are key building blocks in wireless communication and analog signal processing. Typically, Gm-C and active-RC topologies are being used for this purpose. However, reduced supply voltage and lower transistor outpu

Capacitively coupled chopper amplifiers are capable of handling common-mode voltages outside their supply rails, while also achieving high power efficiency and low offset [1-3]. However, a significant drawback of such am

Electronics-Inspired Interdisciplinary Research Institute (EIIRIS), Toyohashi, Japan 1 2 A small-area low-power low-noise instrumentation amplifier (IA) is desired in arrayed sensor devices that are used for high-spatial

higher audio output power. This can be achieved by lowering the speaker impedance or increasing the voltage swing at the amplifier output by boosting the supply voltage [1-4]. Typical speakers in portable devices are qui

A differential to singleended block (D2S) converts the output voltage of the Gm-C loop filter into an appropriate single-ended signal at the input of the class-AB and class-B amplifiers. The architecture suppresses error

Anantha P. Chandrakasan1, Gangadhar Burra2 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, Texas Instruments, Dallas, TX, 3MediaTek, Austin, TX 1 2 Integrated low-frequency oscillators can replace crystal oscillato

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 1 2 Emerging demands on ultra-low-power wireless sensor platform have presented challenges for nano-watt design of various circuit components. Clock management unit, as an essential

Texas Instruments, Dallas, TX 1 2 Nonvolatile processing—continuously operating a digital circuit and retaining state through frequent power interruptions—creates new applications for portable electronics operating from

Ryusuke Nebashi2, Yukihide Tsuji2, Ayuka Morioka2, Tadahiko Sugibayashi2, Sadahiko Miura2, Hiroaki Honjo2, Keizo Kinoshita1, Shoji Ikeda1, Tetsuo Endoh1, Hideo Ohno1, Takahiro Hanyu1 Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, 2 N

Silvio Dalla Piazza2, Felix Staub2, Kai Zoschke3, Charles Alix Manier3, Hermann Oppermann3, James Dekker4, Tommi Suni4, Giorgio Allegato5 CSEM, Neuchatel, Switzerland, Micro Crystal, Grenchen, Switzerland, 3Fraunhofer IZ

beam resonators. One such mechanical device is illustrated in Fig. 11.4.7. The fabrication relies on e-beam patterning, gas phase HF-etching, and release of the Al-beam using focused ion beam (FIB) cutting, as described

capabilities should also be improved to achieve higher overall system performance. This paper proposes a new, small-size and high-speed non-contact interconnect between printed circuit boards (PCBs) using a vertical dire

relaxing hardware requirements and leading to low energy consumption in the transceiver. Figure 11.6.4 shows the spectrum waveform of the receiver output. The 1.09GHz free running frequency is locked to the 1.2GHz clock

A rotating shaft in a wheel, a motor and a turbine uses sensors to measure torque, vibration, and acceleration for better control and maintenance of a machine. Such data is currently acquired in a laboratory and utilized

Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates 1 2 Advances in sensor design have made ambulatory health monitoring possible and have created the need for low-power communication systems to r

Jeffrey KoonYee Lee1, Gopinath Balakrishnan1, Gordon Yee1, Henry Zhang1, Alex Yap1, Jingwen Ouyang1, Takahiko Sasaki2, Sravanti Addepalli1, Ali Al-Shamma1, Chin-Yu Chen1, Mayank Gupta1, Greg Hilton1, Saurabh Joshi1, Acha

markets of Flash MCUs, microcontrollers with embedded flash memory (eFlash), have been steadily growing since the middle of 1990s. Especially, in automotive, Flash MCUs have become essential to realize the complicated re

Memory cards are widely used in electronic systems to expand internal storage area or are used as detachable media to carry data. Although cloud computing has recently drawn attention, data transfer consumes significant

Jan Otterstedt1, Othmane Bahlous1, Karl Hofmann1, Robert Allinger1, Stephan Kassenetter1, Doris Schmitt-Landsiedel2 Infineon Technologies, Neubiberg, Germany, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany 1 2 Spin-torque-

P. Conenna1, A. D’Alessandro1, L. De Santis1, D. Di Cicco1, W. Di Francesco1, M.L. Gallese1, G. Gallo2, M. Incarnati1, C. Lattaro1, A. Macerola1, G. Marotta1, V. Moschiano1, D. Orlandi1, F. Paolini1, S. Perugini1, L. Pil

Ryotaro Azuma1, Yuhei Yoshimoto1, Kouhei Tanabe2, Zhiqiang Wei1, Takeki Ninomiya1, Koji Katayama1, Ryutaro Yasuhara1, Shunsaku Muraoka1, Atsushi Himeno1, Naoki Yoshikawa1, Hideaki Murase1, Kazuhiko Shimakawa1, Takeshi Ta

multiple-bits-per-cell technique is widely adopted. As presented in [1], a 4b/cell Flash memory by using error-detection (ED) scheme stores 2b data on two sides of a memory cell individually. Since the noise margin becom

Yu-Der Chih, Tong-Chern Ong, Jonathan Chang, Sreedhar Natarajan, Luan C. Tran TSMC, Hsinchu, Taiwan Spin-transfer-torque (STT) MRAM is considered as a good candidate for nextgeneration memory that can replace Flash, SRAM

Unified solid-state storage (USSS) provides high error tolerance with four techniques: reverse-mirroring (RM), error-reduction synthesis (ERS), page-RAID, and error-masking (EM). The acceptable raw bit-error rate (ABER)

Koichiro Tanaka, Junji Sato, Yohei Morishita, Masaki Kanemaru, Ryo Kitamura, Takahiro Shima, Toshifumi Nakatani, Kenji Miyanaga, Tomoya Urushihara, Hiroyuki Yoshikawa, Takenori Sakamoto, Hiroyuki Motozuka, Yoshinori Shir

With fast-growing demand for high-speed mobile communications and highly saturated spectral usage below 10GHz, mm-Wave frequency bands are emerging as the key playground for future high-data-rate wireless standards. Rece

The 60GHz band has gained great interest as an enabler for multi-Gb/s wireless links. Recent efforts [1-4] have focused on reducing transceiver power to drive adoption of 60GHz in mobile devices. To further accelerate th

Giovanni Mangraviti1,2, Steven Brebels1, Wim van Thillo1, Kristof Vaesen1, Bertrand Parvais1, Vadim Issakov1, Mike Libois1, Michiaki Matsuo3, John Long4, Charlotte Soens1, Piet Wambacq1,2 imec, Leuven, Belgium, 2Vrije Un

The 60GHz band has opened the opportunity for multi-Gb/s wireless communications, and is being commercially supported by transceiver solutions utilizing the WirelessHD and/or WiGig standards. However, the hundreds of mWs

Radar imaging is gaining interest for medical, security, and industrial applications. Enabled by the advances in silicon technologies, a clear trend towards higher integration is observed [1-3]. Early-stage breast cancer

Intelligent environments significantly impact human daily lives through embedded sensing and actuating systems. Wireless sensors that can provide non-contact radio information are indispensable. Impulse radar is position

Costantino Pala1, Jiang Cao1, Jaspreet Bhatia1, Mikko Waltari1, Lior Levin1, Cyrille Cathelin2, Thierry Nouvet2, Nitin Nidhi1, Rahul Kodkani1, Ryuji Maeda1, Damian Costa1, Jason McFee1, Reza Moazzam1, Herve Vincent2, Phi

include low area, low power consumption, environmental insensitivity, and the lowest possible jitter performance. Multiplying Delay-Locked Loop (MDLL) [12], subharmonically injection-locked techniques [3], and sub-sampli

digital TVs and also in other video applications. A low integrated jitter is required for good display quality. However, an extremely low input frequency coming from the horizontal synchronization signal (HSYNC) makes it

This paper introduces a digital PLL which uses high-frequency random modulation (RM), as opposed to low-frequency periodic modulation, to generate a spread spectrum clock (SSC). The implementation is straightforward and

from analog circuits to their digital counterparts, with digital PLLs (DPLLs) being an example of this trend [1]. All-digital or fully synthesizable approaches, which exploit the merits of advanced processes, suffer from

dissipation and increase battery life. By turning off the circuits that are not in use, power cycling provides a viable means to make power dissipation proportional to workload, hence achieving energy proportional operat

Clock distribution with low skew, low jitter, and low power for high-performance microprocessors is a significant design challenge. Although traditional H-tree clock distribution circuits are widely used, the clock skew

spatial temperature distribution, which is essential for dynamic thermal management [1,2]. The number of on-chip temperature sensors in highperformance processors is increasing, with state-of-the-art commercial processor

sense-amplifier load in the receiver. In this work, IDRV and IPE were set to 95μA and 45μA, respectively. For the receiver equalization, the PMOS diode in the sense-amplifier load is modified to form an active inductor c

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI Advanced CMOS technologies are highly susceptible to process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations due to sub-wavelength lithography and other manufacturing challenges. These va

compensation and high-order single-opamp integrators have achieved FoM values well below 100fJ/conv-step [1-3]. With loop-filter power greatly reduced, power dissipation in multibit quantizers becomes especially signific

Low-power sensor applications e.g. for environmental monitoring, bio-potential recording, and wireless autonomous sensor networks require highly power-efficient ADCs, typically with resolutions of at least 10b. SAR ADCs

utilizes the high switching speed of nanometer CMOS processes. In recent reports, time-interleaving techniques and multi-bit-per-cycle conversion have boosted speed to the GHz sampling range at low power consumption. How

This paper introduces a clock-free self-timed incremental ΔΣ ADC. Unlike conventional ΔΣ ADCs, it does not require a dedicated clock signal, thus saving energy and reducing system complexity. As such, it has similar adva

Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands 1 2 Incremental analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) can be applied in many instrumentation applications, such as the readout of bridge transducers and smart sensors